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Genómica de las poblaciones del mundo vikingo
Ashot Margaryan1,2,3, Daniel J Lawson4,5, Martin Sikora1
1Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nature
|September 17, 2020
Resumen
La era vikinga vio un extenso flujo de genes dentro y fuera de Escandinavia, dando forma a las poblaciones europeas. El ADN antiguo revela patrones de migración distintos y estrechos lazos familiares dentro de las expediciones vikingas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica
- Arqueología
- Genética de las poblaciones
Sus antecedentes:
- La era vikinga (750-1050) marcó un período significativo de expansión y transformación marítima en la historia del mundo.
- Comprender el impacto genético de esta expansión en las poblaciones europeas es crucial para los conocimientos históricos y biológicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la influencia global y el impacto genético de la expansión de la era vikinga.
- Para entender los patrones de flujo de genes y las interacciones de la población durante este período.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación del genoma de 442 restos humanos antiguos de sitios arqueológicos en toda Europa y Groenlandia.
- Análisis de la estructura genética, el flujo genético y la diferenciación de la población.
- Comparación del ADN antiguo con poblaciones modernas para identificar eventos de selección.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó el flujo de genes hacia Escandinavia desde las regiones del sur y del este.
- Se identificaron distintas ascendencias escandinavas en varias regiones europeas: danés en Inglaterra, sueco en el Báltico y noruego en Irlanda, Islandia y Groenlandia.
- Se encontraron evidencias de miembros cercanos de la familia que participaron en expediciones vikingas y de una ascendencia europea significativa que entró en Escandinavia.
- Se identificó una fuerte diferenciación poblacional en los genes asociados a la pigmentación y una selección positiva en los loci LCT y ANKA.
Conclusiones:
- La diáspora vikinga se caracterizó por un amplio compromiso transregional y el intercambio genético.
- Las poblaciones escandinavas influyeron en la composición genómica de diversas regiones europeas.
- Escandinavia experimentó una mayor interacción y mezcla genética con el resto del continente durante la era vikinga.
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