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Un planeta gigante en tránsito por una enana blanca
Andrew Vanderburg1,2, Saul A Rappaport3, Siyi Xu4
1Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. avanderburg@wisc.edu.
Nature
|September 17, 2020
Resumen
Los astrónomos han encontrado un planeta del tamaño de Júpiter orbitando una enana blanca. Este descubrimiento sugiere que los planetas gigantes pueden sobrevivir órbitas cercanas alrededor de enanas blancas, desafiando suposiciones anteriores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Astronomía y astrofísica
- Ciencias exoplanetarias
- Evolución estelar
Sus antecedentes:
- Miles de exoplanetas descubiertos orbitan estrellas que se convierten en gigantes rojas y luego enanas blancas.
- Los planetas que orbitan cerca de las estrellas son engullidos durante la fase de gigante roja.
- La evidencia de escombros rocosos alrededor de las enanas blancas sugiere planetas interrumpidos, pero los planetas masivos intactos no fueron detectados en órbitas cercanas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la posibilidad de planetas masivos intactos sobreviviendo en órbitas cercanas alrededor de enanas blancas.
- Para analizar el tránsito de un candidato a planeta gigante alrededor de la enana blanca WD 1856+534.
- Para entender la dinámica orbital y los mecanismos de supervivencia de los planetas alrededor de las enanas blancas.
Principales métodos:
- Observación del oscurecimiento periódico de la enana blanca WD 1856+534.
- Modelado el tránsito del planeta candidato a través de la estrella.
- Análisis del tamaño y masa del candidato a planeta en relación con Júpiter.
- Comparación con modelos de evolución de envoltura común para compañeras estelares / subestelares cercanas.
Principales resultados:
- Detección de un candidato a planeta gigante, comparable en tamaño a Júpiter, que transita por WD 1856+534 cada 1,4 días.
- Se estima que la masa del planeta candidato no es más de 14 veces la de Júpiter.
- El período orbital y la baja masa del planeta candidato hacen que la evolución de la envolvente común sea una explicación improbable para su órbita cercana.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que los planetas gigantes pueden dispersarse en órbitas estrechas alrededor de las enanas blancas sin interrupciones de marea.
Conclusiones:
- Los planetas gigantes pueden sobrevivir en órbitas cercanas alrededor de las enanas blancas, contrariamente a las expectativas anteriores.
- El sistema WD 1856+534 proporciona evidencia de que los mecanismos de dispersión pueden colocar planetas masivos en órbitas estrechas sin interrupción.
- Este descubrimiento motiva nuevas búsquedas de planetas más pequeños en tránsito alrededor de enanas blancas.
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