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Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology
Published on: November 5, 2014
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La diversidad de rasgos metabólicos da forma a la biogeografía marina
Curtis Deutsch1,2, Justin L Penn3, Brad Seibel4
1School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. cdeutsch@uw.edu.
Nature
|September 17, 2020
Resumen
Animales marinos
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología marina
- Ecología fisiológica
- Biogeografía
Sus antecedentes:
- La distribución de las especies está influenciada por el clima y la fisiología, pero los límites de rango rara vez están relacionados con los rasgos del organismo.
- Comprender los límites ecofisiológicos es crucial para predecir las distribuciones geográficas de las especies.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si los límites geográficos del área de distribución de los animales marinos coinciden con los límites ecofisiológicos de la adquisición de energía aeróbica.
- Determinar el papel del oxígeno y la tolerancia a la temperatura en la configuración de los patrones de biodiversidad marina.
Principales métodos:
- Analizó una sección transversal global de la biodiversidad de los animales marinos.
- Las tasas metabólicas correlacionadas, la eficacia del suministro de oxígeno y sus sensibilidades a la temperatura.
- Se evaluó la influencia de la actividad ecológica en los límites de tolerancia térmica e hipóxica.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una fuerte correlación entre la tasa metabólica, el suministro de oxígeno y sus sensibilidades a la temperatura, lo que indica una selección para la tolerancia a la hipoxia.
- Las tolerancias fisiológicas predicen con precisión los nichos geográficos de las especies marinas en diversos entornos (gradientes de latitud y profundidad).
- Las demandas energéticas de la actividad ecológica reducen significativamente los límites de tolerancia térmica e hipóxica tanto en especies marinas como terrestres.
Conclusiones:
- La hipoxia activa y dependiente de la temperatura, impulsada por las demandas energéticas, es un factor clave que vincula la biogeografía de los animales marinos con los requisitos energéticos fundamentales.
- Las tolerancias fisiológicas, particularmente a la hipoxia y la temperatura, proporcionan un marco más preciso para comprender la distribución de las especies que la temperatura o el oxígeno solos.
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