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El principal factor de riesgo genético para el COVID-19 se hereda de los neandertales
Hugo Zeberg1,2, Svante Pääbo3,4
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. hugo.zeberg@ki.se.
Nature
|September 30, 2020
Resumen
Una región genética específica heredada de los neandertales aumenta el riesgo de resultados graves de COVID-19. Este factor de riesgo genético es común en las poblaciones del sur de Asia y Europa, afectando la insuficiencia respiratoria después de la infección por SARS-CoV-2.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genética
- Inmunología
- Biología evolutiva
Sus antecedentes:
- Los estudios de asociación genética han identificado un grupo de genes en el cromosoma 3 vinculado a la insuficiencia respiratoria después de la infección por SARS-CoV-2.
- Este grupo de genes del cromosoma 3 se ha confirmado como un factor de riesgo genético importante para los síntomas graves de COVID-19 y la hospitalización.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar el segmento genómico específico responsable del aumento de la gravedad del COVID-19.
- Investigar el origen evolutivo y la frecuencia poblacional de este factor de riesgo genético.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos genéticos de grandes cohortes de pacientes con COVID-19 y personas de control.
- Mapeo fino del locus de riesgo del cromosoma 3 para identificar el segmento genómico causante.
- Comparación de datos genómicos con secuencias de ADN de Neandertal y encuestas genéticas de poblaciones.
Principales resultados:
- El riesgo genético para el COVID-19 grave es conferido por un segmento genómico de ~50 kilobases.
- Este segmento es de origen neandertal, heredado a través de una antigua mezcla.
- El segmento de ADN neandertal está presente en aproximadamente el 50% de los asiáticos del sur y el 16% de los europeos.
Conclusiones:
- El ADN neandertal antiguo contribuye a los resultados graves en los humanos modernos infectados con SARS-CoV-2.
- La prevalencia de este haplotipo neandertal explica su impacto significativo en la gravedad del COVID-19 en poblaciones específicas.
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