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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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When objects at different temperatures are placed in contact with each other but isolated from everything else, they attain thermal equilibrium. A container that prevents heat transfer in or out is called a calorimeter, and the use of a calorimeter to make measurements is called calorimetry. Generally, these measurements involve heat or specific heat capacity. The term "calorimetry problem" is used for any problem where the specified objects are thermally isolated from their...
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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
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Gran rango de temperatura en el regenerador electrocalórico

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  • 1Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 Rue du Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg. alvar.torello@list.lu emmanuel.defay@list.lu.

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Los investigadores desarrollaron un nuevo regenerador electrocalórico (EC) utilizando tantalato de plomo y escandio. Este dispositivo alcanzó un rango de temperatura de 13,0 K, lo que demuestra el potencial de los materiales CE para las tecnologías de refrigeración de próxima generación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • La termodinámica
  • Física del estado sólido

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los materiales calóricos ofrecen una alternativa sostenible a las tecnologías de refrigeración tradicionales.
  • Los materiales electrocalóricos (EC) exhiben cambios de temperatura en respuesta a los campos eléctricos.
  • Los prototipos de refrigeración CE existentes carecen de rangos de temperatura competitivos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar y demostrar un intercambiador de calor electrocalórico de alto rendimiento.
  • Para lograr un rango de temperatura significativo para las aplicaciones prácticas de refrigeración.

Principales métodos:

  • Fabricación de un regenerador de CE activo de placa paralela utilizando condensadores multicapa de tantalato de plomo.
  • Optimización de la estructura del dispositivo utilizando el modelado de elementos finitos para mejorar el aislamiento.
  • Medición experimental del rango de temperatura en condiciones de funcionamiento.

Principales resultados:

  • Se logró un rango de temperatura máximo de 13,0 Kelvin.
  • El regenerador EC desarrollado demuestra un rendimiento competitivo.
  • La optimización estructural y el aislamiento mejorado fueron críticos para el rango de temperatura mejorado.

Conclusiones:

  • El regenerador EC desarrollado rompe una barrera crucial en el rendimiento de refrigeración EC.
  • Los materiales electrocalóricos se confirman como candidatos prometedores para los dispositivos de refrigeración de próxima generación.
  • Este trabajo valida el potencial de la tecnología comunitaria para soluciones de refrigeración eficientes y sostenibles.