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Los empujones de comportamiento reducen la falta de comparecencia ante el tribunal
Alissa Fishbane1, Aurelie Ouss2, Anuj K Shah3
1ideas42, New York, NY 10004, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 9, 2020
Resumen
Millones de estadounidenses se pierden las fechas de la corte, lo que lleva a órdenes de arresto. Las citaciones y recordatorios de texto rediseñados redujeron significativamente las faltas de comparecencia y las órdenes subsiguientes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Economía del comportamiento
- Política de justicia penal
- Políticas públicas
Sus antecedentes:
- Millones de personas anualmente no se presentan ante los tribunales por delitos menores, lo que resulta en órdenes de arresto.
- Este fenómeno de no comparecer tiene consecuencias significativas para los individuos y el sistema de justicia penal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las intervenciones destinadas a reducir las faltas de comparecencia ante los tribunales.
- Examinar la percepción pública de la intencionalidad detrás de las faltas de comparecencia y su impacto en el apoyo político.
Principales métodos:
- Realizó dos estudios de campo en la ciudad de Nueva York implementando formularios de citación rediseñados y recordatorios de mensajes de texto.
- Realizó experimentos de laboratorio para evaluar las creencias de la gente común y de los profesionales de la justicia penal sobre los TLC.
Principales resultados:
- Las intervenciones redujeron las faltas de presentación del 13% al 21%.
- Estos cambios se proyectan para evitar 30.000 órdenes de arresto durante tres años.
- Los laicos perciben los TLC como más intencionales que los profesionales de la justicia penal.
Conclusiones:
- Destacar la información crítica de los tribunales a través de formularios y recordatorios rediseñados es efectivo para reducir los TLC.
- La percepción pública de la intencionalidad influye en el apoyo a las medidas punitivas frente a las políticas de apoyo.
- Las políticas de justicia penal se pueden mejorar reconociendo y acomodando el error humano en ofensas involuntarias.
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