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La riqueza de especies y la redundancia promueven la persistencia de los mutualismos explotados en la levadura
Mayra C Vidal1,2, Sheng Pei Wang3, David M Rivers4
1Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. mayracvidal@gmail.com dmalthof@syr.edu ksegrave@syr.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 16, 2020
Resumen
La alta riqueza de especies y la redundancia funcional en redes mutualistas, como las que involucran a Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mejoran la supervivencia de la comunidad contra la explotación. Las comunidades diversas son más resistentes a la competencia de los no mutualistas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología
- Ecología microbiana
- Ecología comunitaria
Sus antecedentes:
- Los mutualismos, las interacciones interespecíficas beneficiosas, son fundamentales para los sistemas ecológicos y agrícolas.
- Estas interacciones se enfrentan a los desafíos de las especies explotadoras, lo que hace que su persistencia sea una cuestión ecológica clave.
- Los modelos teóricos sugieren que la riqueza de especies y la redundancia funcional pueden reforzar la estabilidad del mutualismo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar experimentalmente cómo la riqueza de especies y la redundancia funcional influyen en la persistencia de los mutualismos bajo explotación.
- Determinar si las diversas comunidades mutualistas son más resistentes a la competencia de las no mutualistas.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un sistema de levadura experimental (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) para modelar comunidades mutualistas.
- Riqueza de especies manipuladas y redundancia funcional dentro de estas comunidades.
- Comunidades expuestas a especies explotadoras y tasas de supervivencia medidas.
Principales resultados:
- Las comunidades con mayor riqueza mutualista y redundancia funcional tenían casi el doble de probabilidades de sobrevivir a la explotación en comparación con las comunidades simples.
- El aumento de la diversidad mitigó los impactos negativos de la competencia con las especies explotadoras.
- Las grandes redes mutualistas demostraron una capacidad de amortiguación inherente contra la explotación.
Conclusiones:
- La evidencia experimental apoya la teoría de que la alta riqueza de especies y la redundancia funcional promueven la persistencia del mutualismo.
- Las comunidades mutualistas diversas poseen una mayor resistencia contra la explotación debido a una mejor mitigación de la competencia.
- Las redes mutualistas a gran escala pueden ser intrínsecamente estables y amortiguadas de los efectos perturbadores de los explotadores.
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