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Pruebas sísmicas de fusión parcial debajo de las placas tectónicas

Eric Debayle1, Thomas Bodin2, Stéphanie Durand2

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El derretimiento parcial existe dentro de la zona sísmica de baja velocidad (LVZ) del manto superior, alimentando la astenosfera. Esta fusión, de menos del 0,30%, facilita el movimiento de las placas tectónicas y la alineación de los cristales.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La geofísica
  • Dinámica del manto
  • Sismología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La zona sísmica de baja velocidad (LVZ) en el manto superior es crucial para la tectónica de placas, pero su origen se debate.
  • Las teorías existentes proponen un derretimiento parcial, mecanismos de estado sólido o contenido volátil como causas de bajas velocidades sísmicas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el origen de la zona sísmica de baja velocidad (LVZ) utilizando modelos de atenuación de cizallamiento y velocidad.
  • Determinar la presencia y distribución de la fusión parcial dentro de la ZLV.

Principales métodos:

  • Interpretación de los modelos tridimensionales globales de atenuación de corte.
  • Interpretación de modelos tridimensionales de velocidad sísmica global.

Principales resultados:

  • Evidencia de fusión parcial dentro de la ZLV oceánica, hasta 150-200 km por debajo de las cordilleras oceánicas, puntos calientes y regiones de arco posterior.
  • Menos del 0,30% de la fusión está atrapada en la ZLV oceánica; la fusión está en gran medida ausente bajo los continentes.
  • La concentración del fundido aumenta con la velocidad de la placa, particularmente entre 3-5 cm/año.

Conclusiones:

  • El derretimiento parcial es un componente significativo de la zona del manto superior oceánico.
  • La fusión reduce la viscosidad astenosférica, facilitando el movimiento de las placas y la alineación de los cristales del manto a gran escala.
  • Los hallazgos apoyan el papel del derretimiento en el desacoplamiento de las placas tectónicas del manto.