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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
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Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia01:20

Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia

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The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans
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Vías espinales paralelas ascendentes para el tacto afectivo y el dolor

Seungwon Choi1, Junichi Hachisuka2,3,4, Matthew A Brett1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Nature
|October 29, 2020
PubMed
Resumen

Dos poblaciones distintas de neuronas de proyección de la médula espinal, identificadas por la expresión TACR1 y GPR83, forman vías paralelas para las señales de dolor y tacto. Estas vías revelan roles distintos en el procesamiento sensorial y los comportamientos afectivos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Biología sensorial
  • Investigación del dolor

Sus antecedentes:

  • La vía anterolateral transmite señales de dolor, temperatura y tacto desde la médula espinal al cerebro.
  • Comprender su organización es crucial para desarrollar tratamientos eficaces para el dolor.
  • Las neuronas de proyección en esta vía son objetivos terapéuticos clave.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar la lógica organizativa de la vía anterolateral.
  • Identificar poblaciones neuronales distintas y sus roles en el procesamiento sensorial.
  • Investigar la contribución de estas vías a los aspectos afectivos del tacto y el dolor.

Principales métodos:

  • Identificación de las poblaciones de neuronas de proyección que expresan TACR1 y GPR83.
  • Trazado de las proyecciones de neuronas spinoparabraquiales (SPB) al núcleo parabraquial lateral.
  • Estimulación optogenética de las terminales del axón de la neurona SPB.
  • Registros electrofisiológicos de las respuestas de las neuronas SPB a los estímulos.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron dos módulos de circuito ascendente paralelos, que expresan TACR1 y GPR83.
  • Estos módulos transmiten señales térmicas, táctiles y cutáneas nocivas.
  • Las neuronas SPB que expresan GPR83 son sensibles a los estímulos mecánicos y muestran valencia dependiente de la intensidad.
  • Se observaron distintas inervaciones subnucleares y respuestas conductuales tras la estimulación.

Conclusiones:

  • La vía anterolateral comprende subdivisiones de neuronas SPB distintas basadas en la expresión de TACR1 y GPR83.
  • Estas subdivisiones exhiben propiedades anatómicas, fisiológicas y funcionales únicas.
  • Los hallazgos arrojan luz sobre la base neuronal del tacto afectivo y la percepción del dolor.