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Examen de detección de la presión arterial alta en niños y adolescentes: Declaración de recomendación del grupo de
, Alex H Krist1,2, Karina W Davidson3
1Fairfax Family Practice Residency, Fairfax, Virginia.
JAMA
|November 10, 2020
Resumen
No se recomienda la detección de la presión arterial alta en niños y adolescentes de 3 a 18 años debido a la insuficiencia de pruebas. El Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos (USPSTF) descubrió que no se pueden determinar los beneficios y los daños de la detección.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pediátrica
- Prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares
- Recomendaciones de salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La prevalencia de hipertensión en niños y adolescentes estadounidenses es del 3-4%, con hipertensión primaria relacionada con la edad y factores de riesgo como los antecedentes familiares y el IMC.
- La hipertensión secundaria en los niños más pequeños a menudo se debe a problemas genéticos, renales, endocrinos o cardiovasculares.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Actualizar la recomendación de 2013 sobre el cribado de la presión arterial alta en niños y adolescentes.
- Evaluar la evidencia sobre los beneficios del cribado, los daños, la precisión de las pruebas y la eficacia del tratamiento.
Principales métodos:
- El Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos (USPSTF) revisó la evidencia para niños y adolescentes de 3 a 18 años.
- La revisión se centró en individuos asintomáticos sin hipertensión conocida.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontró que la evidencia que respalda el cribado de la presión arterial alta en niños y adolescentes era insuficiente.
- No se pudo determinar el equilibrio entre los beneficios y los perjuicios de dicho cribado.
Conclusiones:
- El USPSTF concluyó que la evidencia actual es insuficiente para evaluar los beneficios y los daños del cribado de la presión arterial alta en poblaciones pediátricas.
- Esto dio lugar a una declaración "I", lo que indica evidencia insuficiente.
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