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El escape de hidrógeno de Marte es impulsado por el transporte estacional de agua y tormentas de polvo

Shane W Stone¹, Roger V Yelle², Mehdi Benna^3,4

¹Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85711, USA. stone@lpl.arizona.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 13, 2020

Resumen

Marte pierde agua hacia el espacio, pero no como se pensaba. El vapor de agua viaja directamente a la atmósfera superior, donde

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias planetarias
Ciencias atmosféricas
Astrobiología

Sus antecedentes:

Marte una vez tuvo abundante agua, pero la mayor parte se ha perdido en el espacio.
Los modelos actuales sugieren que el hidrógeno molecular de la pérdida de agua se difunde a la atmósfera superior.
Este hidrógeno luego se disocia en hidrógeno atómico, que escapa.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar el mecanismo principal de la pérdida de agua de la atmósfera de Marte.
Para entender las vías de transporte del vapor de agua a la atmósfera superior.
Para cuantificar la contribución de la pérdida de agua a la evolución del clima de Marte.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron datos del espectrómetro de masas de iones y gases neutros (NGIMS) a bordo de la nave espacial Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN).
Analizó la abundancia y distribución del agua y sus subproductos en la atmósfera superior de Marte.
Modelos de vías de escape de hidrógeno basados en datos de observación.

Principales resultados:

Se ha demostrado el transporte directo de vapor de agua a la atmósfera superior, evitando la difusión atmosférica inferior.
Variaciones estacionales observadas en el agua de la atmósfera superior, que alcanzan su punto máximo durante el verano del sur.
Se han documentado aumentos significativos en la abundancia de agua durante las tormentas de polvo, incluido el evento global de 2018.
Calculó que este transporte directo de agua es la vía dominante para la pérdida de hidrógeno atómico al espacio.

Conclusiones:

El mecanismo principal para la pérdida de agua en Marte implica el transporte directo de vapor de agua a la atmósfera superior.
Los cambios estacionales y las tormentas de polvo afectan significativamente el transporte de agua y la posterior fuga de hidrógeno.
Este proceso ha jugado un papel crucial en la configuración del clima de Marte y su transición a un planeta frío y seco.

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