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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell aAPC Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells
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Imagen instantánea: puntos de control inmunológicos de las células APC/T

Scott H Shrager1, Christina Kiel1

  • 1Systems Biology Ireland and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.

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|November 13, 2020
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Resumen

Los puntos de control inmunológicos regulan la auto tolerancia y las respuestas inmunológicas. Aprovechar estos puntos de control es prometedor para el tratamiento de enfermedades autoinmunes y cánceres mediante la modulación de la actividad de las células T.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inmunología
  • Biología celular
  • Investigación del cáncer

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los puntos de control inmunológicos son cruciales para mantener la auto tolerancia y controlar las respuestas inmunes.
  • La desregulación de los puntos de control inmunológicos está implicada en enfermedades autoinmunes y cáncer.
  • Dirigirse a los puntos de control inmunológicos ha surgido como una estrategia terapéutica exitosa.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para ilustrar las interacciones del punto de control inmune.
  • Centrarse en la modulación de células T mediadas por células presentadoras de antígenos (APC).
  • Para proporcionar una visión general visual (SnapShot) de estas interacciones.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión y síntesis de la literatura existente sobre los puntos de control inmunológico.
  • Centrarse en las interacciones que involucran a las células presentadoras de antígenos (APC).
  • Representación visual de las vías de modulación de las células T.

Principales resultados:

  • Ilustración detallada de las interacciones conocidas en los puntos de control inmunológico.
  • El énfasis en el papel de las APC en la modulación de las respuestas de las células T.
  • Identificación de los puntos reguladores clave en la activación y la inhibición de las células T.

Conclusiones:

  • Los puntos de control inmunológicos son reguladores vitales de las respuestas inmunes.
  • La modulación de células T mediada por APC es un área clave para la intervención terapéutica.
  • Comprender estas interacciones es fundamental para desarrollar nuevos tratamientos para el cáncer y los trastornos autoinmunes.