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Intervenciones de asesoramiento conductual para promover una dieta saludable y actividad física para la prevención de
, Alex H Krist1,2, Karina W Davidson3
1Fairfax Family Practice Residency, Fairfax, Virginia.
JAMA
|November 24, 2020
Resumen
El asesoramiento conductual para la dieta y la actividad física ofrece beneficios moderados para la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) en adultos en riesgo. Este enfoque se recomienda para las personas con factores de riesgo de ECV para mejorar la salud cardiovascular.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- La medicina preventiva
- Cardiología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son la principal causa de mortalidad en los Estados Unidos.
- Los factores de riesgo modificables para las ECV incluyen hipertensión, dislipidemia, dieta poco saludable e inactividad física.
- El cumplimiento de las pautas de estilo de vida saludable reduce la morbilidad y la mortalidad cardiovascular.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar una revisión de evidencia actualizada sobre el asesoramiento conductual para la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares.
- Informar recomendaciones para promover dietas saludables y actividad física en adultos en riesgo.
Principales métodos:
- El Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos (USPSTF) encargó una revisión sistemática de la evidencia.
- La revisión se centró en las intervenciones de asesoramiento conductual para la dieta y la actividad física.
- La población objetivo incluyó adultos mayores de 18 años con hipertensión, dislipidemia o riesgo elevado de ECV.
Principales resultados:
- Las intervenciones de asesoramiento conductual demuestran un beneficio neto moderado para reducir el riesgo de ECV.
- Estas intervenciones son efectivas en adultos con factores de riesgo cardiovascular establecidos.
- Los beneficios se observan en términos de mejores resultados de salud cardiovascular.
Conclusiones:
- El USPSTF recomienda ofrecer asesoramiento conductual para la dieta y la actividad física a los adultos con factores de riesgo de ECV.
- Esta recomendación (B) se basa en una certeza moderada de un beneficio neto moderado.
- Promover una alimentación saludable y la actividad física es crucial para la prevención de las ECV en todos los niveles de riesgo.
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