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Características biológicas fundamentales de los vuelos espaciales: avanzar en el campo para permitir la exploración

Ebrahim Afshinnekoo¹, Ryan T Scott², Matthew J MacKay¹

¹Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.

|November 26, 2020

Resumen

El vuelo espacial causa seis cambios biológicos clave, incluido el estrés oxidativo y el daño al ADN, que afectan la salud del astronauta. Comprender estos cambios moleculares es crucial para futuras misiones espaciales de larga duración y la exploración humana.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología del vuelo espacial
Biología molecular
Astrobiología

Sus antecedentes:

La salud de los astronautas es una preocupación crítica para la exploración espacial.
Los organismos modelo revelan cambios moleculares fundamentales durante el viaje espacial.
Seis características clave definen la biología de los vuelos espaciales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar los peligros conocidos de los vuelos espaciales tripulados.
Explique cómo el vuelo espacial afecta a los sistemas vivos a través de seis características fundamentales.
Discutir los riesgos para la salud asociados con la exploración espacial.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura de la investigación de la biología del vuelo espacial.
Análisis de los cambios moleculares en los astronautas y organismos modelo.
Síntesis de datos sobre las alteraciones biológicas inducidas por los vuelos espaciales.

Principales resultados:

Identificó seis características principales de la biología de los vuelos espaciales: estrés oxidativo, daño al ADN, desregulación mitocondrial, cambios epigenéticos, alteraciones en los telómeros y cambios en el microbioma.
Detalló el impacto de estas características en los sistemas vivos.
Se describen los riesgos asociados a la salud de los astronautas.

Conclusiones:

Estas seis características proporcionan un marco para comprender los efectos biológicos del vuelo espacial.
Abordar estos problemas es esencial para la salud y la seguridad de los astronautas en futuras misiones, incluidas las de larga duración y las expediciones marcianas.

Palabras clave:

Daño en el ADN Medicina aeroespacial epigenética el microbioma Las mitocondrias multiómica El estrés oxidativo Biología espacial vuelo espacial Los telómeros

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