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Detección de burbujas de rayos X a gran escala en el halo de la Vía Láctea
P Predehl1, R A Sunyaev2,3, W Becker4,5
1Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany. predehl@mpe.mpg.de.
Nature
|December 10, 2020
Resumen
Se han descubierto burbujas gigantes de rayos X que se extienden a 14 kiloparsecs de la Vía Láctea
Área de la Ciencia:
- * Astrofísica
- * Formación y evolución de las galaxias
- * Física del plasma
Sus antecedentes:
- * El halo de la Vía Láctea contiene gas caliente en choque, crucial para comprender los modelos de formación de galaxias.
- * La evidencia sugiere que la actividad nuclear pasada inyectó energía en el halo, pero su origen (formación de estrellas versus agujero negro supermasivo) y la conexión con características a gran escala siguen sin estar claras.
Objetivo del estudio:
- * Para investigar el origen y la naturaleza de la inyección de energía en el halo de la Vía Láctea.
- * Establecer un vínculo causal entre la actividad nuclear y las estructuras galácticas a gran escala.
- * Para caracterizar las burbujas emisoras de rayos X recién descubiertas y sus implicaciones para el medio circumgaláctico.
Principales métodos:
- * Observaciones de rayos X suaves para detectar y mapear las estructuras de burbujas.
- * Análisis de los límites de las burbujas para identificar las características del choque.
- * Comparación con los datos de rayos gamma existentes y los modelos teóricos de formación de galaxias.
Principales resultados:
- * Descubrimiento de burbujas suaves emisoras de rayos X que se extienden ~ 14 kiloparsecs por encima y por debajo del centro galáctico.
- * Identificación de una estructura análoga a la Espuela Polar del Norte en el cielo del sur.
- * Los límites agudos de las burbujas indican choques no radiactivos sin colisión, lo que sugiere una estructura a escala galáctica, no un remanente de supernova local.
Conclusiones:
- Es probable que las burbujas de rayos X sean causadas por grandes inyecciones de energía del centro galáctico, posiblemente relacionadas con las características de rayos gamma.
- * La energía estimada de las burbujas de rayos X (~ 10 ^ 56 erg) es suficiente para impactar significativamente la estructura, la energía y el enriquecimiento químico del medio circumgaláctico.
- * Este hallazgo proporciona una fuerte evidencia de una conexión entre la actividad nuclear galáctica y el entorno circumgaláctico.
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