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Los lobos salvajes fueron los últimos de un antiguo linaje canino del Nuevo Mundo

Angela R Perri¹, Kieren J Mitchell², Alice Mouton³

¹Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK. angela.r.perri@durham.ac.uk.

|January 14, 2021

Resumen

Los lobos feroces, un carnívoro común del Pleistoceno, eran un linaje distinto que evolucionó en aislamiento. El análisis genético revela que se separaron de los canidos modernos hace millones de años y no se hibridaron con lobos grises o coyotes.

Área de la Ciencia:

La paleogenómica
Biología evolutiva
Paleontología

Sus antecedentes:

Los lobos salvajes (Aenocyon dirus) eran una megafauna abundante en el Pleistoceno en las Américas.
Su historia evolutiva y su relación con los cánidos modernos siguen siendo poco conocidas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para reconstruir la historia evolutiva y la posición filogenética de los lobos salvajes.
Para investigar el potencial flujo genético entre los lobos y otros cánidos de América del Norte.

Principales métodos:

Secuenciación de cinco genomas de lobos salvajes de restos subfósiles (13,000 50,000 + años de antigüedad).
Análisis genómico comparativo con especies de cánidos existentes y extintas.

Principales resultados:

Los lobos representan un linaje muy divergente, que se separó de los cánidos vivos hace aproximadamente 5.7 millones de años.
No se encontró evidencia de hibridación entre lobos salvajes y lobos grises o coyotes de América del Norte.
Los datos genómicos apoyan un origen temprano del Nuevo Mundo para los lobos salvajes, distintos de los antepasados caninos de Eurasia.

Conclusiones:

Los lobos salvajes evolucionaron en aislamiento, representando una trayectoria evolutiva separada dentro de los canidos.
Su linaje único y la falta de mezcla resaltan distintas vías evolutivas en América del Norte.
La comprensión de la evolución del lobo salvaje proporciona información sobre la dinámica del ecosistema del Pleistoceno y la diversificación de los carnívoros.

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