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La enfermedad de Alzheimer

Philip Scheltens1, Bart De Strooper2, Miia Kivipelto3

  • 1Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Life Science Partners, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Lancet (London, England)
|March 5, 2021
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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es una preocupación global creciente, con una prevalencia creciente y fuertes vínculos genéticos. La detección temprana a través de biomarcadores y posibles intervenciones en el estilo de vida ofrecen esperanzas para controlar la progresión de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología
  • Gerontología
  • La genética

Sus antecedentes:

  • Se prevé que la prevalencia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) se duplique en Europa y se triplique en todo el mundo para 2050.
  • La fase celular temprana de la EA implica la acumulación de beta amiloide y la propagación de la patología tau.
  • La heredabilidad representa el 60-80% del riesgo de EA, siendo los alelos APOE factores genéticos clave.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para resumir los avances recientes en la investigación de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
  • Discutir los biomarcadores de diagnóstico emergentes y las estrategias terapéuticas para la EA.
  • Destacar el papel de la genética y el estilo de vida en el desarrollo y el manejo de la EA.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura y de los resultados de los seminarios sobre la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
  • Análisis de los datos epidemiológicos sobre la prevalencia de la demencia.
  • Examen de los factores de riesgo genéticos, incluidos los alelos APOE.
  • Evaluación de nuevos biomarcadores (escaneos PET, ensayos de plasma) para el beta-amiloide y el tau fosforilado.
  • Evaluación de intervenciones de estilo de vida multidominio y tratamientos farmacológicos en ensayos clínicos.

Principales resultados:

  • Aumento significativo de la prevalencia proyectada de demencia en todo el mundo.
  • Identificación de más de 40 loci de riesgo genético para la EA, con alelos APOE que muestran la asociación más fuerte.
  • Resultados prometedores de nuevos biomarcadores para la detección y el seguimiento tempranos de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
  • Evidencia que sugiere beneficios cognitivos de las intervenciones de estilo de vida multidominio.
  • El avance de los medicamentos anti-amiloide-beta, anti-tau y antiinflamatorios en los ensayos clínicos.

Conclusiones:

  • La enfermedad de Alzheimer presenta un desafío significativo y creciente para la salud pública.
  • La detección temprana a través de biomarcadores avanzados y conocimientos genéticos potenciales es crucial para el manejo de la EA.
  • Las intervenciones en el estilo de vida pueden ofrecer beneficios para la salud cognitiva en individuos en riesgo de Alzheimer.
  • Los tratamientos farmacológicos emergentes dirigidos a las vías patológicas clave son prometedores para el futuro tratamiento de la EA.