Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Nov 14, 2025

07:39
Mouse In Vivo Placental Targeted CRISPR Manipulation
Published on: April 14, 2023
3.1K
Mosaicismo inherente y extensa mutación de las placentas humanas
Tim H H Coorens1, Thomas R W Oliver1,2, Rashesh Sanghvi1
1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Nature
|March 11, 2021
Resumen
Las células placentarias humanas muestran diferencias genéticas significativas de las células fetales debido al mosaicismo placentario confinado. Este estudio revela extensas mutaciones genéticas y cambios en el número de copias en las placentas, que afectan el desarrollo temprano.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genética
- Biología del desarrollo
- Inestabilidad genómica
Sus antecedentes:
- El mosaicismo placentario confinado (CPM) describe las diferencias cromosómicas entre la placenta y el feto.
- Los mecanismos subyacentes que impulsan la CPM y la variación genética placentaria no se comprenden bien.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los orígenes filogenéticos de la variación genética dentro de los tejidos placentarios humanos.
- Caracterizar el paisaje genómico y los patrones de mutación en el desarrollo placentario.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación del genoma completo de 86 muestras de placenta y 106 microdisecciones de tejido placentario.
- Reconstrucción de la filogenia celular de la placenta utilizando mutaciones somáticas.
- Análisis de los cambios en el número de copias y las huellas de mutación.
Principales resultados:
- Cada muestra placentaria a granel mostró expansiones clonales únicas con un perfil genómico similar al cáncer infantil.
- Los genomas placentarios exhibieron con frecuencia alteraciones en el número de copias, a diferencia de la mayoría de los tejidos humanos sanos.
- Se identificaron cuellos de botella en el desarrollo, aislando genéticamente los linajes placentarios y permitiendo potencialmente la normalización de la aneuploidía.
Conclusiones:
- La mutagenesis extensa ocurre durante el desarrollo placentario humano.
- El mosaicismo genético es una característica común de los tejidos placentarios.
- Los cuellos de botella embrionarios tempranos pueden desempeñar un papel en la corrección de las anomalías cromosómicas cigóticas.
Más Videos Relacionados
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
Nondisjunction
4.4K
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
4.4K
Nondisjunction
79.6K
During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
79.6K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
8.5K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
8.5K
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
64.1K
Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
64.1K
Mismatch Repair
5.7K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
5.7K
Non-nuclear Inheritance
22.2K
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
22.2K

