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Las variantes del SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 carecen de mayor infectividad pero sí tienen escape inmune
Qianqian Li1, Jianhui Nie1, Jiajing Wu1
1Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China.
Cell
|March 18, 2021
Resumen
La variante 501Y.V2 del SARS-CoV-2 muestra una mayor infectividad en las células del ratón pero no en las células humanas. Esta variante es resistente a los anticuerpos neutralizantes y a los sueros de convalecencia, lo que puede afectar a la vacuna y a la eficacia terapéutica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- Inmunología
- La genética
Sus antecedentes:
- La variante 501Y.V2 del SARS-CoV-2, con múltiples mutaciones en picos, es dominante a nivel mundial.
- Comprender sus características biológicas es crucial para las estrategias de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la infectividad y la susceptibilidad a la neutralización de la variante 501Y.V2 del SARS-CoV-2.
- Identificar las mutaciones responsables de los cambios observados en la infectividad y la neutralización.
Principales métodos:
- Experimentos con 18 virus pseudotipados para evaluar la infectividad en varios tipos de células.
- Evaluación de la neutralización por anticuerpos monoclonales y sueros de pacientes convalecientes y ratones inmunizados.
Principales resultados:
- 501Y.V2 mostró un aumento de la infectividad en las células murinas que sobreexpresan ACE2, pero no en otros tipos celulares probados.
- Disminución sustancial de la sensibilidad a 12 de los 17 anticuerpos monoclonales neutralizantes.
- Reducción de la neutralización en pacientes convalecientes y sueros de ratón inmunizados.
- Las mutaciones E484K y N501Y en el dominio de unión al receptor del pico fueron los factores clave de la resistencia a la neutralización.
Conclusiones:
- La mayor infectividad de la variante 501Y.V2 en células de ratón plantea preocupaciones sobre el posible contagio a los ratones.
- La resistencia a la neutralización sugiere una eficacia comprometida de los anticuerpos y vacunas monoclonales existentes.
- Los hallazgos destacan la necesidad de una vigilancia continua y la adaptación de las contramedidas contra las variantes del SARS-CoV-2.
Palabras clave:
501Y.V2 Se incluyen los siguientes:E484K y sus derivadosLas demás sustanciasN501Y (en inglés)En el caso del SARS-CoV-2Escape inmunológicoinfecciosidadmutaciónanticuerpo neutralizanteregión de unión al receptorMás Videos Relacionados
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