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El microbioma y el cáncer humano
Gregory D Sepich-Poore1, Laurence Zitvogel2,3,4,5, Ravid Straussman6
1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 26, 2021
Resumen
Los microbios pueden desempeñar un papel en el cáncer, influyendo en la inmunidad y el tratamiento. Esta revisión distingue entre la causalidad directa y la complicidad, explorando el eje inmuno-oncología-microbioma para la investigación futura del cáncer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Microbiología
- Inmunología
Sus antecedentes:
- El papel de los microbios en el cáncer ha sido objeto de debate durante siglos.
- Investigaciones recientes sugieren que los microbios están involucrados en la inmunoterapia del cáncer y el tratamiento de las metástasis.
- Sin embargo, se sabe que pocos microbios causan directamente el cáncer.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar críticamente la evidencia de la participación microbiana en el cáncer.
- Diferenciar entre los roles causales y cómplices de los microbios en la carcinogénesis.
- Explorar el eje inmunoncología-microbioma y las direcciones de investigación futuras.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura y análisis crítico de los estudios existentes.
- Delimitación de las funciones microbianas (causal frente a cómplice) en el cáncer.
- Examen de la influencia de los microbios en el sistema inmunológico del huésped.
Principales resultados:
- Los microbios pueden ser causales o cómplices en el desarrollo del cáncer.
- El sistema inmunológico del huésped es un mediador clave en el eje inmuno-oncología-microbioma.
- Se discuten los microbios intratumorales y las estrategias de manipulación del microbioma.
Conclusiones:
- Comprender la compleja interacción entre los microbios y el cáncer es crucial.
- La investigación futura debe centrarse en el eje inmuno-oncología-microbioma.
- La manipulación del microbioma tiene potencial para el tratamiento del cáncer.
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