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Los óvulos fertilizados secretan endopeptidasas para evitar el politubio
Xiaobo Yu1, Xuecheng Zhang1, Peng Zhao1
1State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Nature
|April 1, 2021
Resumen
Los óvulos vegetales evitan múltiples entradas en el tubo de polen después de la fertilización al secretar endopeptidasas ECS1 y ECS2. Estas enzimas degradan el atractivo LURE1, bloqueando la atracción adicional del tubo de polen y asegurando una fertilización exitosa.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología de la reproducción vegetal
- Mecanismos moleculares de la fertilización
Sus antecedentes:
- Los óvulos animales bloquean la polispermia a través de las envolturas de fertilización.
- La fertilización de las plantas implica tubos de polen que llevan el esperma a los óvulos.
- La polispermia generalmente se evita en las plantas evitando la penetración de múltiples tubos de polen.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo los óvulos de las plantas regulan el rechazo de los tubos de polen adicionales después de la fertilización.
- Identificar los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes al bloqueo de la polispermia después de la fertilización en las plantas.
Principales métodos:
- Se han investigado las endopeptidasas asparticas ECS1 y ECS2 en los óvulos de Arabidopsis.
- Se analizaron la secreción, la expresión y la especificidad del sustrato ECS1 y ECS2.
- Estudió el efecto de ECS1 y ECS2 en LURE1, un atractivo del tubo de polen.
- Frecuencia de politubia examinada en mutantes dobles ecs1 ecs2 y con secreción endopeptidasa ectópica.
Principales resultados:
- ECS1 y ECS2 se secretan del óvulo de Arabidopsis después de la fertilización.
- El ECS1 y el ECS2 dividen específicamente el tubo de atracción de polen LURE1.
- Los mutantes dobles ecs1 y ecs2 muestran una politubia frecuente.
- La secreción ectópica de ECS1/ECS2 reduce los niveles de LURE1 y la atracción del tubo de polen.
Conclusiones:
- Las células de huevo de la planta perciben la fertilización y establecen un bloqueo posterior a la fertilización para el politubio.
- La secreción inducida por la fertilización de ECS1 y ECS2 degrada LURE1, impidiendo una mayor atracción del tubo de polen.
- Este mecanismo asegura la monospermia en las plantas con flores.
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