Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Methodology for the Study of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococcus aureus

Methodology for the Study of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: March 10, 2017

Tasas elevadas de transferencia horizontal de genes en el microbioma humano industrializado

Mathieu Groussin¹, Mathilde Poyet¹, Ainara Sistiaga²

¹Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; The Global Microbiome Conservancy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

|April 1, 2021

Resumen

La industrialización humana acelera el intercambio de genes bacterianos en el microbioma intestinal. Esta transferencia horizontal de genes (HGT) permite a las bacterias intestinales adaptarse a las funciones basadas en el estilo de vida del huésped, un desarrollo evolutivo reciente.

Área de la Ciencia:

Investigación del microbioma
La genómica
La evolución del hombre

Sus antecedentes:

La industrialización altera significativamente la composición y la diversidad del microbioma intestinal humano.
La adaptación de los genomas bacterianos a la industrialización del huésped a través de la transferencia horizontal de genes (HGT) es poco estudiada.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar cómo las tasas y objetivos de transferencia génica horizontal (HGT) difieren entre poblaciones humanas con diferentes niveles de industrialización.
Comprender la relación entre la industrialización del huésped y las implicaciones funcionales de la HGT en el microbioma intestinal.

Principales métodos:

Analizó miles de cepas de bacterias de 15 poblaciones humanas que representan un espectro de industrialización.
Eventos cuantificados de transferencia horizontal de genes (HGT) y sus objetivos genómicos dentro y entre poblaciones.

Principales resultados:

La transferencia horizontal de genes (HGT) se ha acumulado en el microbioma intestinal humano durante las últimas generaciones de huéspedes.
Se observaron tasas más altas de HGT en las poblaciones industrializadas en comparación con las no industrializadas.
Las funciones de los genes adquiridos a través de HGT se correlacionan con el nivel de industrialización del huésped.

Conclusiones:

Las bacterias intestinales adquieren continuamente nuevas funcionalidades impulsadas por el estilo de vida del huésped, particularmente en las sociedades industrializadas.
Las tasas elevadas de transferencia génica horizontal (HGT) parecen ser un fenómeno evolutivo reciente vinculado a la industrialización humana.

Palabras clave:

Resistencia a los antimicrobianos genómica bacteriana Las culturas Transferencia horizontal de genes Interacciones huésped-micróbio microbioma intestinal humano La industrialización estilo de vida La urbanización la virulencia

Más Videos Relacionados

Detection of Horizontal Gene Transfer Mediated by Natural Conjugative Plasmids in E. coli

Detection of Horizontal Gene Transfer Mediated by Natural Conjugative Plasmids in E. coli

Published on: March 24, 2023

High-Resolution Comparison of Bacterial Conjugation Frequencies

High-Resolution Comparison of Bacterial Conjugation Frequencies

Published on: January 10, 2019

Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Transduction

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...

Bacterial Transformation

Bacterial Transformation

In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.