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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
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Conocimientos estructurales sobre el montaje del complejo de preiniciación en promotores centrales

Xizi Chen1, Yilun Qi1, Zihan Wu1

  • 1Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 2, 2021
PubMed
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Las estructuras del factor de transcripción IID (TFIID) revelan dos vías distintas para el ensamblaje del complejo de preiniciación (PIC) en la transcripción eucariota. Estas vías convergen a un holo-PIC común, estabilizando la ARN polimerasa II y facilitando su activación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología molecular
  • Biología estructural
  • La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

  • El factor de transcripción IID (TFIID) es crucial para iniciar la transcripción eucariota por la ARN polimerasa II (Pol II).
  • Comprender el ensamblaje del complejo de preiniciación (PIC) en diversos promotores es esencial para descifrar la regulación génica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Aclarar los mecanismos estructurales del ensamblaje de PIC mediado por TFIID en diferentes tipos de promotores.
  • Visualizar la organización gradual del holo-PIC y su interacción con Pol II.

Principales métodos:

  • Determinación de las estructuras de alta resolución de los PIC basados en TFIID en tres estados de ensamblaje distintos.
  • Utilizó técnicas de biología estructural para analizar la conformación PIC y las interacciones de las subunidades.

Principales resultados:

  • Se revelaron dos "pistas" distintas de ensamblaje PIC: una para los promotores de elementos de unión TATA-TFIID y otra para los promotores de solo TATA/menos TATA.
  • Se ha demostrado que ambas pistas convergen a una estructura holo-PIC conservada de ~50 subunidades.
  • El TFIID mostrado estabiliza el holo-PIC, facilita la carga de la cinasa activadora dependiente de la ciclina (CAK) en Pol II, y el TBP dobla tanto los promotores TATA como los sin TATA.

Conclusiones:

  • TFIID emplea vías de ensamblaje divergentes pero convergentes para formar un holo-PIC estable en diversos promotores eucariotas.
  • Los conocimientos estructurales proporcionan una base mecanicista para el papel de TFIID en la iniciación de la transcripción y la regulación de Pol II.