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Los terremotos indicaron la viscosidad del magma durante la erupción de Kīlauea en 2018
D C Roman1, A Soldati2, D B Dingwell2
1Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA. droman@carnegiescience.edu.
Nature
|April 8, 2021
Resumen
Las soluciones del plano de fallas de terremotos pueden indicar la viscosidad del magma, ayudando a pronosticar los estilos de erupción volcánica. Las soluciones rotativas del plano de falla en Kīlauea sugieren una mayor viscosidad del magma, que ofrece un nuevo precursor de la erupción.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Volcanología
- Reología
Sus antecedentes:
- La viscosidad del magma dicta el estilo de erupción volcánica y el potencial de peligro, pero generalmente se mide después de la erupción.
- El pronóstico del estilo de erupción requiere la identificación de precursores indicativos de la viscosidad del magma.
- La erupción de Kīlauea de 2018 exhibió una inusual variabilidad de lava, lo que llevó a una dinámica de erupción impredecible.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el vínculo entre las soluciones del plano de falla del terremoto y la viscosidad del magma.
- Para identificar los precursores para predecir los estilos de erupción volcánica.
- Para entender el papel de la reología del magma en la actividad sísmica durante las erupciones.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis integrado de la sismicidad y reología del magma.
- Examen de las soluciones del plano de falla de los terremotos anteriores y durante la erupción de Kīlauea en 2018.
- Determinación experimental de las viscosidades de los productos de la erupción de Kīlauea de 2018 y las lavas anteriores.
Principales resultados:
- Las soluciones del plano de falla del terremoto durante la erupción de Kīlauea de 2018 indicaron una rotación del campo de tensión de 90 grados.
- Esta rotación del campo de tensión es un fenómeno previamente asociado solo con erupciones de alta viscosidad.
- Se identificó un umbral de viscosidad específico para inducir la reorientación del campo de tensión local.
Conclusiones:
- Las soluciones rotativas del plano de falla en enjambres de terremotos sirven como una advertencia temprana para una mayor viscosidad del magma.
- El monitoreo en tiempo real de las orientaciones de la solución del plano de falla puede proporcionar información crítica sobre los estilos de erupción inminentes.
- Los hallazgos ofrecen información fundamental sobre la falla y el flujo acoplados en sistemas volcánicos multifásicos.
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