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El cerebro primitivo de los primeros Homo
Marcia S Ponce de León1, Thibault Bienvenu2, Assaf Marom3
1Department of Anthropology and Anthropological Museum, University of Zurich, CH-8052 Zurich, Switzerland. marcia@aim.uzh.ch zolli@aim.uzh.ch.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 9, 2021
Resumen
La evolución del cerebro humano muestra que la organización del lóbulo frontal cambió más tarde de lo que se pensaba. El Homo primitivo tenía cerebros parecidos a los de los simios, con una organización parecida a la humana que apareció después de que el Homo se dispersara desde África.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleoantropología
- Biología evolutiva
- La neurociencia
Sus antecedentes:
- Los cerebros humanos modernos difieren significativamente de los cerebros de los grandes simios en tamaño, forma y organización cortical, particularmente en las regiones del lóbulo frontal.
- Estas áreas del lóbulo frontal son cruciales para las funciones cognitivas complejas, incluida la cognición social, el uso de herramientas y el lenguaje.
- El momento de estos cambios evolutivos del cerebro es un tema de debate científico en curso.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la línea de tiempo evolutiva de la organización del lóbulo frontal en los primeros antepasados humanos.
- Para determinar cuándo surgió la organización cerebral similar a la humana en el linaje Homo.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de cráneos de homínidos fósiles, específicamente centrados en la morfología endocraneal.
- Análisis comparativo de la organización del lóbulo frontal en los primeros fósiles de Homo de África y Asia occidental (Dmanisi) con el Homo africano posterior y el Homo erectus del sudeste asiático.
Principales resultados:
- Los primeros fósiles de Homo de Dmanisi (África y Asia occidental) muestran una organización primitiva del lóbulo frontal parecida a la de un gran mono.
- Los fósiles de Homo africanos de hace menos de 1,5 millones de años y todos los especímenes de Homo erectus del sudeste asiático muestran una organización del lóbulo frontal más derivada, similar a la humana.
- Esto indica que la reorganización significativa del lóbulo frontal ocurrió más tarde en la evolución humana de lo que se suponía anteriormente.
Conclusiones:
- La evolución de la organización del lóbulo frontal parecida a la humana fue un evento comparativamente tardío en la evolución del Homo.
- Esta reorganización ocurrió mucho después de la dispersión inicial del Homo fuera de África.
- Las suposiciones anteriores de que la reorganización del lóbulo frontal era un sello distintivo del primer Homo en África son revisadas por estos hallazgos.
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