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Adyuvante de una subunidad de la vacuna contra la COVID-19 para inducir inmunidad protectora

Prabhu S Arunachalam¹, Alexandra C Walls², Nadia Golden³

¹Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

|April 19, 2021

Resumen

Una nueva vacuna de subunidad, RBD-NP, demostró una protección robusta contra el SARS-CoV-2 en macacos. Esta vacuna, cuando se combina con adyuvantes específicos, induce respuestas de anticuerpos neutralizantes duraderas y protege contra la infección.

Área de la Ciencia:

Inmunología
Vacunas y vacunas
Virología

Sus antecedentes:

El desarrollo de vacunas efectivas contra la COVID-19 es una prioridad de salud mundial.
Las vacunas de subunidad ofrecen un enfoque prometedor para la inmunización contra el SARS-CoV-2.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar la eficacia de una vacuna de subunidad de nanopartículas de dominio de unión al receptor (RBD-NP) contra el SARS-CoV-2.
Evaluar el impacto de los diferentes adyuvantes en las respuestas inmunes inducidas por la vacuna y en la protección.

Principales métodos:

Los macacos rhesus fueron inmunizados con RBD-NP formulado con cinco adyuvantes diferentes.
Se midieron las respuestas inmunes humoral y celular.
La protección contra el desafío del SARS-CoV-2 se evaluó en varios tejidos.

Principales resultados:

RBD-NP con AS03, CpG1018-alum, AS37 o alum indujo respuestas significativas de anticuerpos neutralizantes y células T CD4.
La vacunación confirió protección contra la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en el tracto respiratorio.
RBD-NP-AS03 demostró respuestas de anticuerpos neutralizantes duraderas hasta 180 días y neutralizó eficazmente la variante B.1.1.7.
Se observó una neutralización reducida frente a la variante B.1.351, con diferencias entre los adyuvantes AS03 y AS37.

Conclusiones:

La vacuna RBD-NP adyuvante es efectiva para inducir inmunidad protectora contra el SARS-CoV-2.
La elección del adyuvante influye en la amplitud de la respuesta de los anticuerpos neutralizantes.
Estos hallazgos apoyan el desarrollo clínico en curso de la vacuna RBD-NP.

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