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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Glaciología
  • Ciencias del clima
  • Ciencias del Sistema Terrestre

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los glaciares fuera de las principales capas de hielo se están reduciendo rápidamente, lo que afecta a la hidrología, el nivel del mar y los peligros.
  • Los datos anteriores de pérdida de masa de estos glaciares eran escasos y fragmentados, lo que limita la comprensión de su evolución.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proporcionar una estimación global completa y consistente del cambio de masa de los glaciares durante la era satelital.
  • Para revelar patrones acelerados y contrastantes de pérdida de masa glaciar a principios del siglo XXI.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó archivos satelitales en gran parte sin explotar para mapear los cambios de elevación de la superficie a alta resolución espacial-temporal para todos los glaciares de la Tierra.
  • Estimaciones validadas basadas en mediciones independientes de alta precisión.

Principales resultados:

  • Los glaciares perdieron 267 ± 16 gigatoneladas de masa anualmente entre 2000-2019, lo que contribuyó con un 21% al aumento observado del nivel del mar.
  • La pérdida de masa se aceleró en 48 ± 16 gigatoneladas por año por década, con tasas de adelgazamiento que se duplicaron fuera de las periferias de la capa de hielo.
  • Se observaron patrones regionales contrastantes de pérdida de masa, incluida una pérdida desacelerada en el Atlántico Norte y una pérdida acelerada en el noroeste de América.

Conclusiones:

  • La pérdida de masa de los glaciares se está acelerando y ahora supera la de las capas de hielo de Groenlandia o la Antártida individualmente.
  • Comprender las variaciones regionales en el cambio de los glaciares es clave para predecir los impactos futuros e informar las políticas de adaptación para los recursos hídricos y la mitigación del aumento del nivel del mar.