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Cantidades extremas de oxidantes producidas por los rayos en las nubes de tormenta
W H Brune1, P J McFarland2, E Bruning3
1Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. whb2@psu.edu.
Resumen
El rayo produce directamente los radicales hidroxilo (OH) e hidroperoxilo (HO2), oxidantes atmosféricos cruciales. Este descubrimiento revela un rayo
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química y física de la atmósfera
- Tempestad eléctrica y dinámica
Sus antecedentes:
- El papel del rayo en la química atmosférica está relacionado principalmente con la producción de óxido nítrico (NO), que influye en la formación de ozono (O3) y radical hidroxilo (OH).
- La contribución directa del rayo a la producción de oxidantes clave como el OH y el radical hidroperoxilo (HO2) ha sido poco cuantificada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la producción directa de radicales hidroxilo (OH) e hidroperoxilo (HO2) por el rayo.
- Para cuantificar la magnitud de OH y HO2 generados por rayos durante eventos de convección profunda.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las mediciones en el aire de un estudio de convección y química profunda de 2012.
- Correlación de las concentraciones de oxidantes (OH, HO2) con la actividad eléctrica observada, incluidos los destellos visibles y las descargas subvisibles.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó la generación directa de concentraciones excepcionalmente altas de radicales OH y HO2 por rayos.
- Los niveles elevados de OH y HO2 estaban directamente relacionados tanto con los relámpagos visibles como con las descargas eléctricas subvisibles en las regiones del yunque.
- Los aumentos de OH y HO2 observados fueron de órdenes de magnitud superiores a las concentraciones atmosféricas registradas anteriormente.
Conclusiones:
- El rayo es una fuente directa significativa de oxidantes atmosféricos OH y HO2.
- A nivel mundial, el OH generado por rayos puede representar un 2-16% sustancial de la oxidación total de OH atmosférica, lo que afecta la capacidad de autolimpieza de la atmósfera.
- Este hallazgo requiere una reevaluación del papel del rayo en la química atmosférica global y los presupuestos de oxidantes.
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