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Riesgo de COVID-19 en el hogar y escolarización presencial

Justin Lessler¹, M Kate Grabowski^2,3, Kyra H Grantz²

¹Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. justin@jhu.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 30, 2021

Resumen

La escolarización presencial aumentó el riesgo de COVID-19, pero las medidas de mitigación de la escuela como el uso de máscaras y el cierre de actividades redujeron significativamente este riesgo. La implementación de múltiples protocolos de seguridad controló efectivamente la exposición del hogar al virus.

Área de la Ciencia:

Epidemiología
Salud pública
Enfermedades infecciosas

Sus antecedentes:

La pandemia de COVID-19 presentó desafíos para la escolarización presencial.
Comprender los riesgos asociados con la educación presencial es crucial para la política de salud pública.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la asociación entre la escolarización presencial y los resultados del COVID-19.
Evaluar la eficacia de las medidas de mitigación en las escuelas para reducir el riesgo de transmisión.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó datos de una encuesta en línea a gran escala en los Estados Unidos.
Analizó los resultados relacionados con COVID-19 en hogares con niños que asisten a la escuela en persona.

Principales resultados:

La escolarización presencial se correlacionó con un mayor riesgo de COVID-19 en el hogar.
Las estrategias de mitigación de la escuela, incluida la detección de síntomas, el enmascaramiento de los maestros y el cierre de actividades, redujeron sustancialmente el riesgo.
El riesgo se mitigó cuando se implementaron siete o más medidas.
Los maestros enfrentaron aumentos de riesgo de COVID-19 similares a los de otras ocupaciones cuando trabajaban fuera del hogar.

Conclusiones:

La escolarización presencial plantea un riesgo de transmisión de COVID-19 dentro de los hogares.
La aplicación efectiva de múltiples medidas de mitigación en las escuelas puede controlar este riesgo.

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