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Los comités de ética y las decisiones para limitar la atención. La experiencia en el Hospital General de
1Division of General Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, MA 02115.
JAMA
|August 12, 1988
Resumen
El Comité de Cuidado Óptimo (OCC) proporciona orientación ética para limitar la atención en pacientes con enfermedades terminales. Sus revisiones de casos revelan diferencias clínicas claras y el uso en evolución, destacando las cuestiones éticas y legales en curso en las decisiones de retirada de la atención.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ética médica y ética médica.
- Derecho de la asistencia sanitaria Derecho de la asistencia sanitaria.
- La toma de decisiones clínicas.
Sus antecedentes:
- El Comité de Cuidado Óptimo (OCC) del Hospital General de Massachusetts ha aconsejado a los médicos que limiten la atención de pacientes con enfermedades terminales durante 13 años.
- Las decisiones relativas a la retirada del cuidado implican complejas consideraciones éticas y legales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la experiencia del Comité de Atención Óptima (OCC, por sus siglas en inglés) del Hospital General de Massachusetts con 73 casos entre 1974 y 1986.
- Para comparar los casos consultados por el OCC con los pacientes que reciben el estado de no resucitar (DNR) sin el aporte del OCC.
- Para clasificar los casos de OCC e identificar las tendencias emergentes y las cuestiones éticas / legales restantes.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión retrospectiva de 73 casos de consultas de la OCC (1974-1986) en el tiempo.
- Comparación de los casos de OCC con 113 pacientes a los que se les concedió el estatus de DNR sin el aporte de OCC durante un período de tres meses.
- Categoría de los casos de OCC en seis grupos distintos basados en cuestiones éticas y legales.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las variables clínicas entre los casos consultados por el OCC y aquellos con estatus de DNR sin OCC.
- Los casos de OCC se clasificaron en seis tipos, cada uno de los cuales presentaba desafíos éticos y legales únicos.
- La utilización de la OCC ha aumentado, especialmente para categorías de casos específicos.
Conclusiones:
- La OCC ha abordado las controvertidas cuestiones de cuidado al final de la vida de manera consistente y ética.
- A pesar de los esfuerzos del comité, persisten cuestiones legales y morales sin resolver.
- Es necesario un mayor diálogo con respecto al papel de los comités de ética en las decisiones de retirada de cuidado.
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