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Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Neurotransmitters01:31

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Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
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What is Monogastric Digestion?01:50

What is Monogastric Digestion?

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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Updated: Nov 7, 2025

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
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SnapShot: El eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro

Gulistan Agirman1, Elaine Y Hsiao1

  • 1Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Cell
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
Resumen

El microbioma intestinal influye en el desarrollo y la función del cerebro a través del eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro. Esta comunicación bidireccional impacta la salud del huésped a través de múltiples sistemas.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microbiología
  • La neurociencia
  • Inmunología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los animales albergan diversos microorganismos que forman el microbioma.
  • El microbioma modula las funciones gastrointestinales, inmunológicas, metabólicas y de comportamiento del huésped.
  • Las interacciones huésped-microbiana son cruciales para la regulación fisiológica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para proporcionar una visión general del eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro.
  • Para explicar la influencia del desarrollo neurológico de las interacciones huésped-microbiano.
  • Para detallar el impacto funcional del microbioma intestinal en el sistema nervioso central.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura sobre las interacciones huésped-microbios.
  • Análisis de las vías de comunicación bidireccionales.

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  • Síntesis de la investigación actual sobre el eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro.

    • Principales resultados:

    • El eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro implica una comunicación bidireccional compleja.
    • Los metabolitos y señales microbianas influyen en el desarrollo neurológico.
    • La composición del microbioma intestinal afecta las funciones del sistema nervioso central.

    Conclusiones:

    • Las interacciones huésped-microbiana son parte integral del desarrollo neurológico.
    • El eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro es un área crítica para comprender la salud del huésped.
    • La investigación adicional en este eje tiene un potencial terapéutico.