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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
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Baterías de radicales orgánicos polipeptídicos

Tan P Nguyen1, Alexandra D Easley2, Nari Kang2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.

Nature
|May 6, 2021
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores desarrollaron una nueva batería basada en polipéptidos sin metales utilizando materiales redox orgánicos activos. Esta tecnología de baterías sostenible ofrece degradación y reconstrucción bajo demanda, allanando el camino para una economía circular.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • La electroquímica
  • Química sustentable

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las baterías de iones de litio han permitido la tecnología moderna, pero plantean preocupaciones éticas y ambientales con respecto al abastecimiento y eliminación de minerales.
  • Las tasas actuales de reciclaje de baterías de iones de litio son bajas, lo que agota los recursos mundiales.
  • Los materiales redox-activos de base orgánica ofrecen una alternativa sostenible para las baterías recargables con deconstrucción bajo demanda.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar una batería sin metales basada en polipéptidos utilizando materiales orgánicos sostenibles.
  • Para crear una batería que sea estable durante el funcionamiento pero degradable bajo demanda al final de la vida útil.
  • Explorar productos de degradación ecológicamente benignos o reciclables para la reconstrucción de baterías.

Principales métodos:

  • Incorporación de viógenos y radicales de óxido de nitrógeno como grupos redox activos en las columnas vertebrales del polipéptido.
  • Utilizando estos polipéptidos modificados como materiales de ánodo y cátodo.
  • Investigación de la degradación de la batería de polipéptidos en condiciones ácidas.

Principales resultados:

  • Demostró una batería funcional libre de metales, basada en polipéptidos.
  • Los polipéptidos redox activos mostraron estabilidad durante el funcionamiento de la batería.
  • La degradación bajo demanda en condiciones ácidas produjo aminoácidos y otros bloques de construcción reciclables.

Conclusiones:

  • Las baterías a base de polipéptidos representan un paso importante hacia el almacenamiento de energía verde y sostenible.
  • Este enfoque responde a la necesidad de productos químicos alternativos para las baterías en el marco de una economía circular.
  • La tecnología de baterías desarrollada ofrece una vía para el diseño de baterías respetuoso con el medio ambiente y la gestión al final de la vida útil.