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Una filogenia arraigada resuelve la evolución bacteriana temprana
Gareth A Coleman1, Adrián A Davín2, Tara A Mahendrarajah3
1School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 7, 2021
Resumen
Este estudio modela la evolución de la familia de genes bacterianos para enraizar el árbol bacteriano, revelando que el último antepasado común bacteriano (LBCA) probablemente fue un organismo de doble membrana que vivía libremente. La transferencia vertical de genes sigue siendo dominante a pesar de la transferencia horizontal significativa de genes (HGT).
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Biología evolutiva
- La bioinformática
Sus antecedentes:
- El establecimiento de un árbol bacteriano arraigado es crucial para comprender la evolución bacteriana temprana.
- La ubicación precisa de la raíz y la extensión de la transferencia horizontal de genes (HGT) siguen siendo objeto de debate.
- Las características del último antepasado común bacteriano (LBCA) son poco conocidas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para modelar la evolución de 11.272 familias de genes para determinar la raíz del árbol bacteriano.
- Para cuantificar la extensión de la transferencia horizontal de genes (HGT) en la evolución bacteriana.
- Para inferir las características del último antepasado común bacteriano (LBCA).
Principales métodos:
- Análisis filogenético de 11.272 familias de genes bacterianos.
- Modelado de la evolución de la familia de genes para inferir la historia evolutiva.
- Genómica comparativa para reconstruir los rasgos ancestrales.
Principales resultados:
- El árbol bacteriano está arraigado entre los clados Terrabacteria y Gracilicutes.
- El LBCA se caracteriza por ser un organismo de doble membrana con forma de vara, flagelado y de vida libre.
- La Candidata Phyla Radiation no es basal sino que se ramifica dentro de Terrabacteria, hermana de Chloroflexota.
- Mientras que el 92% de las familias de genes muestran evidencia de HGT, el 66% de las transmisiones de genes son verticales.
Conclusiones:
- Un árbol bacteriano enraizado, con la posición de la raíz propuesta, proporciona un marco válido para interpretar la evolución bacteriana.
- El LBCA poseía rasgos complejos, incluyendo una doble membrana y flagelos.
- La transferencia génica vertical juega un papel más significativo de lo que anteriormente sugerían algunos estudios, a pesar de la HGT generalizada.
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