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Los ARN pequeños se modifican con N-glicanos y se muestran en la superficie de las células vivas
Ryan A Flynn1, Kayvon Pedram1, Stacy A Malaker1
1Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Cell
|May 18, 2021
Resumen
Los mamíferos glicosilan el ARN, creando "glucoARN" con ácido siálico y fucosa. Estas moléculas se encuentran en las superficies celulares, lo que sugiere un nuevo papel para el ARN en la biología extracelular.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Glicobiología
- Biología del ARN
- Biología molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- Se sabe que los glicanos modifican las proteínas y los lípidos, mediando interacciones biológicas cruciales.
- El ARN no se ha considerado tradicionalmente un objetivo significativo para la glucosilación.
- Este estudio investiga el potencial de la glicosilación del ARN en los mamíferos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desafiar la visión convencional del ARN como una molécula no glicosilada.
- Identificar y caracterizar los ARN glicosilados en los sistemas de los mamíferos.
- Para explorar las implicaciones biológicas de la glicosilación del ARN.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó una serie de técnicas químicas y bioquímicas.
- Se analizó el ARN de múltiples tipos y especies de células de mamíferos.
- Se ha investigado la presencia de glicoARN tanto en células cultivadas como in vivo.
Principales resultados:
- Se han descubierto pequeños ARN no codificantes conservados que contienen glicanos sializados, denominados "glycoRNA".
- Se demostró que el ensamblaje de glycoRNA utiliza la vía biosintética canónica de N-glicano.
- Se observó que los glicoARN están enriquecidos con ácido siálico y fucosa y se localizan predominantemente en la superficie celular.
- Los glicoARN mostrados interactúan con los anticuerpos de ARN de doble cadena y los receptores de Siglec.
Conclusiones:
- Los mamíferos emplean el ARN como andamio para la glicosilación, formando glicoARN.
- Los glicoARN representan una interfaz directa entre la biología del ARN y la glucobiología.
- Estos hallazgos amplían las funciones conocidas del ARN, particularmente en biología extracelular.
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