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Los grupos intercalados de la amígdala orquestan un cambio en el estado de miedo

Kenta M Hagihara1,2, Olena Bukalo3, Martin Zeller4,5

  • 1Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.

Nature
|May 27, 2021
PubMed
Resumen

Distintos grupos inhibidores de neuronas intercaladas (ITC) en la amígdala del ratón tienen roles opuestos en la memoria de extinción del miedo. Su equilibrio regula el cambio entre estados de miedo alto y bajo, crucial para el comportamiento adaptativo.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Neurociencia del comportamiento
  • Psiquiatría molecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • El comportamiento adaptativo requiere formar y apagar recuerdos de eventos temibles.
  • La extinción efectiva del miedo es crucial para prevenir trastornos como la ansiedad y el TEPT.
  • Los circuitos neuronales que median el aprendizaje del miedo y la extinción son distintos, pero su interacción se entiende mal.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar la interacción entre los circuitos neuronales involucrados en la memoria de extinción del miedo.
  • Investigar las funciones específicas de los grupos inhibidores de neuronas intercaladas (ITC) en la amígdala durante la extinción del miedo.
  • Para entender cómo los CTI regulan el equilibrio entre los estados de alto y bajo temor.

Principales métodos:

  • Imágenes de calcio in vivo en ratones.
  • Manipulaciones funcionales de la actividad neuronal.
  • Cortar las grabaciones de fisiología.
  • Investigando las vías de salida de la amígdala.

Principales resultados:

  • Distintos grupos inhibidores de neuronas intercaladas (ITC) en la amígdala exhiben roles opuestos en la adquisición y recuperación de la memoria de extinción del miedo.
  • Los grupos ITC se antagonizan entre sí a través de la inhibición sináptica mutua.
  • Los grupos ITC acceden diferencialmente a distintas vías de salida de la amígdala que proyectan la corteza y el cerebro medio.

Conclusiones:

  • El equilibrio de la actividad entre los grupos ITC es un mecanismo regulador clave para la extinción del miedo.
  • Este motivo regulador orquesta circuitos neuronales distribuidos para controlar las transiciones entre estados de alto y bajo miedo.
  • Las ITC juegan un papel más amplio en la función de la amígdala y los estados cerebrales asociados, apoyando la adaptación a las demandas ambientales.