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La ingeniería de defectos permite la acción sinérgica de los centros activos de imitación de enzimas para la terapia

Bin Yu^1,2, Wei Wang^1,3, Wenbo Sun^1,4

¹State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|June 4, 2021

Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron una nueva nanoenzima de óxido de molibdeno dopada con hierro (Fe-MoO_v) utilizando ingeniería de defectos. Esta nanoenzima imita las enzimas para interrumpir la homeostasis de las células cancerosas, mejorando la terapia bajo luz infrarroja cercana.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ingeniería biomédica
Ciencias de los materiales
Nanotecnología

Sus antecedentes:

El desarrollo de enzimas artificiales para la terapia del cáncer es un desafío debido a las limitaciones de escala y configuración.
Las nanoenzimas redox ofrecen potencial para la terapia específica del cáncer al interrumpir la homeostasis celular.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para diseñar una nueva y eficiente nanoenzima redox con centros activos que imitan a las enzimas.
Investigar la formación y el mecanismo catalítico de la nanoenzima diseñada.

Principales métodos:

Estrategia de ingeniería de defectos que utiliza el dopaje parcial de Fe en MoO para crear nanoenzimas Fe-MoO.
Caracterización de la reconstrucción de la estructura, generación del sitio de defecto (sustitución de Fe, vacantes de oxígeno) y propiedades electrónicas.
Evaluación de la actividad catalítica y la eficacia terapéutica bajo la irradiación láser de infrarrojo cercano (NIR-II).

Principales resultados:

Las nanoenzimas Fe-MoO_v exhibieron una mayor capacidad de unión y actividad catalítica debido a los sitios defectuosos.
El dopaje de Fe facilitó la reconstrucción de la estructura de la banda, induciendo un efecto de resonancia plasmónica superficial en la región NIR.
La irradiación láser NIR-II de las nanoenzimas Fe-MoO interrumpió la homeostasis redox y el metabolismo del tumor, aumentando los efectos terapéuticos.

Conclusiones:

La ingeniería de defectos es una estrategia viable para crear nanoenzimas redox de alta eficiencia.
Las nanoenzimas Fe-MoO desarrolladas son prometedoras para la terapia específica del cáncer al interrumpir la homeostasis celular.
Este trabajo proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre el diseño de nanoenzimas avanzadas para aplicaciones biomédicas.

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