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Una enorme avalancha de rocas y hielo causó el desastre de 2021 en Chamoli, el Himalaya indio
D H Shugar1, M Jacquemart2,3,4, D Shean5
1Water, Sediment, Hazards, and Earth-surface Dynamics (waterSHED) Lab, Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, AB, Canada. daniel.shugar@ucalgary.ca.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 11, 2021
Resumen
Una enorme avalancha de rocas y hielo en el Himalaya de la India se transformó en un devastador flujo de escombros, matando a más de 200 personas. Este evento subraya la necesidad urgente de un mejor seguimiento y desarrollo sostenible en las regiones de alta montaña.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Geología
- Peligros naturales
- Glaciología
Sus antecedentes:
- Un evento de flujo masivo catastrófico ocurrió el 7 de febrero de 2021, en la región de Chamoli de Uttarakhand, India.
- El evento devastó los valles de Ronti Gad, Rishiganga y Dhauliganga, lo que provocó una importante pérdida de vidas y daños a la infraestructura.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar las causas y características del evento de flujo masivo de Chamoli 2021.
- Para entender la transformación del colapso inicial en un flujo de escombros a gran escala.
- Evaluar las implicaciones para el seguimiento de los peligros y el desarrollo sostenible en entornos de alta montaña.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de imágenes satelitales.
- Examen de los registros sísmicos.
- Modelado numérico.
- Revisión de los videos de los testigos oculares.
Principales resultados:
- Aproximadamente 27 millones de metros cúbicos de roca y hielo de glaciar se derrumbaron desde el Pico Ronti.
- La avalancha se convirtió rápidamente en un flujo de escombros altamente móvil, transportando grandes rocas.
- Pruebas de barrido extremo en las paredes del valle, alcanzando hasta 220 metros sobre el suelo del valle.
Conclusiones:
- La cascada de peligros, que incluía una avalancha de roca y hielo y el flujo de escombros, causó una destrucción catastrófica.
- El evento destaca temas críticos relacionados con el monitoreo y el desarrollo sostenible en el Himalaya.
- Necesidad urgente de estrategias mejoradas para mitigar los riesgos en zonas remotas de alta montaña.
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