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La educación de los padres y las desigualdades en la mortalidad infantil: una revisión sistemática global y un
Mirza Balaj1, Hunter Wade York2, Kam Sripada1
1Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 13, 2021
Resumen
La educación superior de los padres reduce significativamente la mortalidad infantil en todo el mundo. El aumento de la educación materna muestra un efecto protector más fuerte, destacando la educación
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud global
- La demografía
- Epidemiología social
Sus antecedentes:
- El logro educativo de los padres está vinculado a la supervivencia infantil, pero se debate la magnitud del impacto global.
- La educación materna es un factor clave, pero el papel de la educación paterna requiere una cuantificación adicional.
- Comprender estas asociaciones es crucial para las intervenciones y políticas de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar globalmente las reducciones en la mortalidad de menores de 5 años asociadas con la educación materna y paterna.
- Analizar estas asociaciones en distintos intervalos de edad para los niños.
- Proporcionar una comprensión integral y basada en datos del impacto de la educación en la supervivencia infantil.
Principales métodos:
- Una revisión global sistemática y un metanálisis de los estudios existentes.
- Incluir análisis de datos primarios de las encuestas demográficas y de salud (DHS).
- Modelos de metarregresión ajustados para las covariables, analizando la mortalidad en seis intervalos de edad.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una relación dosis-respuesta: una mayor educación de los padres se correlacionó con una menor mortalidad de menores de 5 años.
- La educación materna demostró un efecto protector más fuerte que la educación paterna.
- 12 años de educación materna asociados con una reducción del 31% de la mortalidad; 12 años de educación paterna con un 17,3%.
Conclusiones:
- La menor educación materna y paterna son factores de riesgo significativos para la mortalidad infantil, independientemente del estatus socioeconómico.
- Este estudio proporciona pruebas sólidas que apoyan la educación universal de calidad como estrategia para reducir la mortalidad infantil.
- Los resultados se alinean y apoyan el logro del objetivo de desarrollo sostenible 3.2.
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