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El surgimiento de la materia inteligente
C Kaspar1, B J Ravoo2,3, W G van der Wiel1,4
1Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Nature
|June 17, 2021
Resumen
La inteligencia artificial (IA) impulsa una nueva computación inspirada en el cerebro. Los investigadores están desarrollando "materia inteligente" para el procesamiento de información descentralizado, similar al cerebro, y sistemas adaptativos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia y Ciencias de la Computación
- Ciencias de los materiales
- La robótica
Sus antecedentes:
- La eficiencia del cerebro humano en tareas cognitivas como el reconocimiento de patrones inspira nuevos paradigmas de computación.
- La computación neuromórfica descentralizada tiene como objetivo imitar el paralelismo masivo del cerebro utilizando sistemas distribuidos.
- Una visión a largo plazo implica crear materia inteligente capaz de aprender y procesar información distribuida.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el progreso en el desarrollo de materia inteligente inspirada en los principios de computación neuromórfica.
- Explorar las implementaciones de la materia inteligente en varios sistemas materiales.
- Para resaltar las aplicaciones en sistemas adaptativos y computación descentralizada.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la investigación actual en materiales moleculares, blandos y de estado sólido para la materia inteligente.
- Análisis de enfoques inspirados en la naturaleza para el procesamiento de información y la computación descentralizada.
- Examen de los avances en inteligencia artificial y ingeniería neuromórfica.
Principales resultados:
- Se está avanzando en la creación de materiales que exhiben características inteligentes básicas.
- La materia inteligente puede interactuar potencialmente con los entornos y adaptar su estructura para el almacenamiento de información.
- Se están explorando diversos sistemas de materiales para aplicaciones neuromórficas.
Conclusiones:
- El desarrollo de la materia inteligente es un paso clave hacia la computación inspirada en el cerebro.
- Las aplicaciones futuras incluyen pieles artificiales adaptativas, robótica suave y sistemas neuromórficos verdaderamente distribuidos.
- Este campo interdisciplinario combina la IA, la ciencia de los materiales y la neurociencia para la computación avanzada.
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