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Estrellas pasadas, presentes y futuras que pueden ver la Tierra como un exoplaneta en tránsito
L Kaltenegger1,2, J K Faherty3
1Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. lkaltenegger@astro.cornell.edu.
Nature
|June 24, 2021
Resumen
Los astrónomos identificaron 1.715 estrellas cercanas capaces de observar la Tierra en tránsito por el Sol. Estas estrellas, algunas ya detectan nuestro planeta, resaltan el potencial para la detección de vida extraterrestre.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Astronomía y astrofísica
- La astrobiología y la búsqueda de vida extraterrestre
Sus antecedentes:
- Los exoplanetas en tránsito son los principales objetivos en la búsqueda de vida extraterrestre.
- Estudios anteriores identificaron estrellas con una vista de la Tierra en tránsito por el Sol, pero no tuvieron en cuenta el movimiento estelar.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar las estrellas con un punto de vista en constante cambio que podría observar la Tierra en tránsito por el Sol en escalas de tiempo cósmicas.
- Para evaluar el potencial de civilizaciones extraterrestres para haber detectado el tránsito de la Tierra.
Principales métodos:
- Calculó las posiciones cambiantes de las estrellas en relación con el Sol en los últimos 5.000 años y los próximos 5.000 años.
- Estrellas identificadas dentro de 100 parsecs con una línea de visión adecuada para observar el tránsito de la Tierra.
Principales resultados:
- 1.715 estrellas dentro de 100 parsecs están posicionadas para haber observado el tránsito de la Tierra desde que comenzó la civilización humana.
- Otras 319 estrellas entrarán en esta zona de observación en los próximos 5.000 años.
- Las señales de radio generadas por el hombre ya han llegado a 75 de las estrellas candidatas más cercanas.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio identifica numerosas estrellas con una capacidad histórica y futura para detectar el tránsito de la Tierra.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que las civilizaciones extraterrestres ya pueden haber tenido la oportunidad de observar la Tierra.
- La proximidad de estas estrellas y el alcance de nuestras señales de radio tienen implicaciones significativas para los esfuerzos de SETI (Búsqueda de Inteligencia Extraterrestre).
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