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El castigo físico y los resultados para los niños: una revisión narrativa de estudios prospectivos
Anja Heilmann1, Anita Mehay1, Richard G Watt1
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 1, 2021
Resumen
El castigo físico es perjudicial para los niños, prediciendo constantemente mayores problemas de conducta y riesgos. La evidencia de 69 estudios muestra resultados negativos, lo que justifica cambios en las políticas para proteger el bienestar infantil.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología infantil
- Psicología del desarrollo
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El castigo físico se reconoce cada vez más como una práctica perjudicial que afecta el desarrollo del niño.
- Las investigaciones existentes ponen de relieve las posibles consecuencias negativas, lo que requiere una revisión exhaustiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Sintetizar los hallazgos de estudios longitudinales prospectivos sobre los resultados del castigo físico.
- Informar a los profesionales y a los responsables de la formulación de políticas sobre los efectos perjudiciales del castigo físico en los niños.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una revisión narrativa de 69 estudios longitudinales prospectivos.
- Se identificaron y resumieron los temas clave y los hallazgos consistentes con respecto al castigo físico.
Principales resultados:
- El castigo físico siempre predice un aumento de los problemas de comportamiento del niño con el tiempo.
- Se asocia con un mayor riesgo de involucramiento de los servicios de protección infantil y sin resultados positivos.
- Los hallazgos son sólidos en varias características del niño y de los padres, con alguna evidencia de una relación dosis-respuesta.
Conclusiones:
- El castigo físico es evidentemente perjudicial para los niños, lo que lleva a trayectorias de desarrollo negativas.
- La evidencia consistente apoya la necesidad de intervenciones políticas para reducir o eliminar el castigo físico.
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