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La amenaza global de la contaminación plástica
Matthew MacLeod1, Hans Peter H Arp2,3, Mine B Tekman4
1Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. matthew.macleod@aces.su.se hans.peter.arp@ngi.no mine.banu.tekman@awi.de annika.jahnke@ufz.de.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 2, 2021
Resumen
La contaminación plástica es poco reversible y causa daños irreversibles al medio ambiente y a la sociedad. La reducción del consumo de plástico virgen y la mejora de la gestión de residuos son estrategias globales cruciales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Ecotoxicología
- Recuperación medioambiental
Sus antecedentes:
- La contaminación por plásticos plantea un importante desafío medioambiental debido a su persistencia.
- El plástico acumulado en los ecosistemas es a menudo "poco reversible", lo que significa que la degradación natural es lenta y la remediación es difícil.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Definición de la contaminación plástica "poco reversible".
- Describir las repercusiones ambientales y sociales potenciales de dicha contaminación.
- Proponer estrategias racionales para hacer frente a esta amenaza global.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis conceptual de la persistencia y la reversibilidad del plástico en contextos ambientales.
- Identificación de las posibles consecuencias ecológicas y sociales.
- Formulación de estrategias de respuesta basadas en las características de la contaminación.
Principales resultados:
- La contaminación plástica se considera "poco reversible" cuando la mineralización natural es lenta y las soluciones de ingeniería son improbables.
- Dicha contaminación puede conducir a resultados negativos irreversibles, incluidos los ciclos biogeoquímicos alterados, la degradación del hábitat, la ecotoxicidad y los impactos en las especies clave.
- Las repercusiones sociales son también una preocupación importante.
Conclusiones:
- La acumulación de contaminación plástica poco reversible presenta una amenaza grave y prácticamente irreversible.
- Se requiere una acción global urgente, centrada en la reducción del consumo de plástico virgen.
- Las estrategias de gestión de residuos coordinadas a nivel internacional son esenciales para la mitigación.
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