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Un vínculo rápido entre la percepción de la cara y la memoria en el polo temporal
Sofia M Landi1,2, Pooja Viswanathan3,4, Stephen Serene3
1Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. slandi@uw.edu wfreiwald@rockefeller.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 2, 2021
Resumen
Los neurocientíficos descubrieron células cerebrales especializadas en los macacos que reconocen caras conocidas. Estas células vinculan la información visual con la memoria, lo que permite una identificación rápida de los individuos conocidos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- La neurociencia cognitiva
- Neurobiología
Sus antecedentes:
- Comprender el reconocimiento facial familiar es un desafío de larga data para la neurociencia.
- Investigaciones anteriores propusieron pero no habían identificado células específicas que conectan el procesamiento visual con la memoria de la persona.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Descubrir y caracterizar las células responsables del reconocimiento de caras conocidas en el cerebro.
- Para investigar las vías neuronales que subyacen al reconocimiento rápido de caras familiares.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó imágenes de resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI) para identificar un área cerebral objetivo en el polo temporal del macaco.
- Realizó grabaciones celulares dentro de esta área identificada para analizar las respuestas neuronales.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrieron células en el polo temporal del macaco que responden específicamente a las caras personalmente familiares.
- Respuestas no lineales observadas a cambios en la visibilidad/detalle de la cara y procesamiento holístico de las partes de la cara, características del reconocimiento familiar de la cara.
- Estas células discriminaron rápidamente entre identidades familiares, comparables a un área general de identidad facial.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio informa del descubrimiento de una nueva vía neuronal crucial para el rápido reconocimiento de individuos familiares.
- Estos hallazgos proporcionan evidencia directa de células especializadas que median el reconocimiento familiar de rostros, vinculando la percepción con la memoria.
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