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Las fases cuánticas de la materia en un simulador cuántico programable de 256 átomos
Sepehr Ebadi1, Tout T Wang1, Harry Levine1
1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nature
|July 8, 2021
Resumen
Los investigadores desarrollaron un simulador cuántico programable utilizando átomos neutros. Este sistema permite el estudio de las fases y la dinámica cuántica, avanzando en las simulaciones y los cálculos cuánticos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Simulación cuántica
- Ciencias de la información cuántica
- Física atómica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sistemas cuánticos programables a gran escala son cruciales para las simulaciones cuánticas en física y química, y para el procesamiento de información cuántica.
- Estos sistemas ofrecen información sobre la materia cuántica fuertemente correlacionada y permiten nuevos métodos para el cálculo y la metrología.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para demostrar un simulador cuántico programable utilizando matrices 2D de átomos neutros preparados de manera determinista.
- Realizar y estudiar un modelo de espín cuántico con interacciones sintonizables para tamaños de sistema de hasta 256 qubits.
- Investigar nuevas fases cuánticas y mapear sus diagramas de fase.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizando la excitación atómica coherente en los estados de Rydberg para controlar las interacciones fuertes.
- Estoy preparando una matriz bidimensional de átomos neutros.
- Caracterizando los estados de alta fidelidad y la dinámica crítica cuántica.
Principales resultados:
- Realización de un modelo de espín cuántico con interacciones sintonizables (64-256 qubits).
- Caracterización de estados ordenados antiferromagnéticamente de alta fidelidad.
- Demostración de la dinámica crítica cuántica consistente con una transición de fase cuántica de Ising en (2+1) dimensiones.
- Creación y estudio de nuevas fases cuánticas impulsadas por interacciones y excitación láser.
- Mapeo experimental de diagramas de fase y investigación de las fluctuaciones cuánticas.
Conclusiones:
- El simulador cuántico desarrollado proporciona una nueva plataforma para estudiar la materia cuántica compleja.
- Las observaciones allanan el camino para investigar las fases cuánticas exóticas y la dinámica de entrelazamiento de no equilibrio.
- Permite la realización eficiente del hardware de los algoritmos cuánticos.
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