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La inmunidad adaptativa induce el mutualismo entre los eucariotas comensales

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La inmunoglobulina A (IgA) intestinal se dirige a las hifas fúngicas patógenas, mejorando las interacciones hongo-huésped. Esta respuesta inmune suprime los rasgos fúngicos dañinos, promueve la homeostasis intestinal y protege contra el daño durante la inflamación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inmunología
  • Microbiología
  • Gastroenterología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los hongos patógenos son parte de la microbiota intestinal, pero rara vez causan enfermedades.
  • Las interacciones entre los hongos intestinales y el sistema inmunológico del huésped que mantienen el mutualismo son poco conocidas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el papel de la inmunidad adaptativa en la promoción de interacciones beneficiosas entre los hongos intestinales y el huésped.
  • Comprender cómo la inmunoglobulina A (IgA) intestinal influye en la relación entre las especies de Candida y el sistema inmunológico del huésped.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudió las respuestas inmunes a las especies de Candida potencialmente patógenas en el intestino.
  • Centrado en Candida albicans, examinando los efectos de la IgA en su forma hifal y adhesinas de la superficie celular.
  • Se utilizó una vacuna para inducir la inmunidad específica de la adhesina en ratones y se evaluó la protección contra el daño inducido por C. albicans durante la colitis.

Principales resultados:

  • Las especies de Candida potencialmente patógenas inducen y son atacadas por respuestas intestinales de IgA.
  • La IgA intestinal se dirige específicamente y suprime el morfotipo hifático patógeno de Candida albicans al unirse a las adhesinas enriquecidas con hifas.
  • La selección inmune contra las hifas mejora la aptitud competitiva de C. albicans en el intestino.
  • C. albicans hifae y las adhesinas dirigidas a IgA exacerban el daño intestinal durante la colitis.
  • La inmunidad específica a la adhesina inducida por la vacunación protege contra el daño asociado a C. albicans durante la colitis.

Conclusiones:

  • La inmunidad adaptativa, particularmente la IgA, juega un papel crucial en la supresión de los efectores fúngicos dañinos al tiempo que permite la colonización beneficiosa.
  • La IgA desacopla la colonización de hongos de la patogénesis, promoviendo la homeostasis intestinal.
  • La orientación de las adhesinas fúngicas con vacunas puede proteger contra el daño intestinal asociado a los hongos.