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Comportamientos de actividad física en la adolescencia: pruebas actuales y oportunidades de intervención
Esther M F van Sluijs1, Ulf Ekelund2, Inacio Crochemore-Silva3
1Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 24, 2021
Resumen
Invertir en la salud de los adolescentes, especialmente en la actividad física, ofrece beneficios triples. Sin embargo, la investigación es limitada, con el 80% de los adolescentes insuficientemente activos y mucho tiempo frente a las pantallas, lo que requiere soluciones urgentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Salud de los adolescentes
- Investigación de la actividad física
Sus antecedentes:
- Los adolescentes (10-24 años) representan el 24% de la población mundial, sin embargo, su salud, especialmente la actividad física, no se ha investigado lo suficiente.
- La evidencia actual se centra principalmente en los adolescentes más jóvenes (10-14 años), los entornos escolares y los países de altos ingresos.
- A nivel mundial, el 80% de los adolescentes muestran una actividad física insuficiente, junto con más de 2 horas diarias de tiempo de pantalla recreativa.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para presentar las últimas evidencias mundiales sobre la actividad física de los adolescentes.
- Identificar posibles soluciones para mejorar la actividad física en este grupo demográfico.
- Abordar las lagunas de conocimiento en la investigación sobre la actividad física de los adolescentes.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de las pruebas mundiales sobre la actividad física de los adolescentes.
- Análisis de los factores que contribuyen a la inactividad física.
- Identificación de soluciones basadas en la evidencia dentro del sistema de actividad física de los adolescentes.
Principales resultados:
- La inactividad física de los adolescentes está relacionada con problemas cardiometabólicos y de salud mental, aunque la calidad de la evidencia es débil.
- Las áreas clave de intervención incluyen entornos escolares de apoyo, influencias sociales/digitales y planificación urbana.
- A pesar del aumento del volumen de investigación, persisten importantes lagunas en el conocimiento.
Conclusiones:
- Se necesitan mejoras urgentes en la vigilancia, la investigación y la política de actividad física de los adolescentes.
- Las soluciones multifacéticas dirigidas a las escuelas, los entornos sociales/digitales y el diseño urbano son cruciales.
- Una mayor inversión en la salud de los adolescentes produce beneficios a largo plazo para las personas y las generaciones futuras.
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