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Los microbios aprovechan la liberación de nutrientes inducida por la muerte de las células epiteliales intestinales

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Las bacterias intestinales, particularmente las Enterobacteriaceae, prosperan con los nutrientes liberados de las células de mamíferos que mueren. Este descubrimiento revela un nuevo mecanismo que influye en la salud y la enfermedad intestinales.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microbiología
  • Biología celular
  • Gastroenterología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La muerte celular regulada es crucial para la homeostasis del organismo, y su desregulación está relacionada con patologías gastrointestinales.
  • Se conoce la relación entre la muerte celular y las enfermedades intestinales con implicación microbiana, pero el impacto directo de las células moribundas en el crecimiento bacteriano sigue sin estar claro.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el efecto directo de las células de mamíferos que mueren en el crecimiento de las bacterias intestinales.
  • Para aclarar los mecanismos por los que las bacterias explotan los nutrientes de las células apoptóticas.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó tejido colónico primario de ratón, ratón y líneas celulares humanas, y varios desencadenantes apoptóticos.
  • Se utilizaron ratones convencionales y libres de gérmenes para los estudios in vivo.
  • Analizó las respuestas de transcripción en Salmonella e identificó genes clave involucrados en la colonización.

Principales resultados:

  • Los nutrientes de los mamíferos liberados durante la apoptosis dependiente de la caspasa-3/7 mejoran significativamente el crecimiento de las Enterobacteriaceae.
  • Identificó piruvato formato-liasa (pflB) como un gen crítico para la colonización bacteriana en modelos de infección transmitida por alimentos, muerte celular dependiente de TNF / A20 y mucositis inducida por quimioterapia.
  • Se demostró que los nutrientes de las células moribundas inducen una respuesta transcripcional central en Salmonella patógena.

Conclusiones:

  • Las células de mamíferos que mueren liberan nutrientes que sirven como una potente fuente de combustible para las bacterias intestinales, particularmente las Enterobacteriaceae.
  • Esta interacción huésped-patógeno proporciona una nueva perspectiva sobre la inflamación intestinal y el impacto de tratamientos como la quimioterapia citotóxica.