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Raíces y cratones continentales profundos

D Graham Pearson¹, James M Scott², Jingao Liu³

¹Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. gdpearso@ualberta.ca.

|August 12, 2021

Resumen

Los cratones, los antiguos núcleos continentales de la Tierra, se conservan por las gruesas raíces del manto formadas a través de la fusión a baja presión y el posterior transporte profundo. Los procesos de engrosamiento orogénico fueron clave para desarrollar estas raíces litosféricas estables, lo que permitió la aparición de los continentes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Geología
La geofísica
Tectónica

Sus antecedentes:

Los cratones son antiguos núcleos continentales, cruciales para entender la historia de la Tierra.
Su formación y preservación, particularmente sus raíces del manto, siguen siendo un desafío geológico significativo.
Las eras mesoarquea y paleoproterozoica fueron críticas para ensamblar cratones de larga vida.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la formación y evolución de las raíces litosféricas cratónicas.
Comprender los procesos responsables de la estabilidad a largo plazo de los cratones.
Refinar la definición de cratones para incluir regiones estables de la corteza mesoproterozoica.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de los residuos de fusión de peridotita.
Modelado del engrosamiento litosférico a través de la acreción lateral y la compresión.
Reconstrucción geológica del montaje del cratón durante épocas precámbricas específicas.

Principales resultados:

Las raíces litosféricas cratónicas se originan a partir de residuos de fusión a baja presión transportados a mayores profundidades.
Las raíces del manto gruesas y estables (150-250 km) formadas durante el Mesoarqueo y el Paleoproterozoico son críticas para la preservación del cratón.
El engrosamiento orogénico, potencialmente en múltiples ciclos, es fundamental para producir una litosfera extendida y fuerte.

Conclusiones:

El desarrollo de raíces litosféricas gruesas está intrínsecamente relacionado con la formación de cratones y la longevidad.
La definición de cratones puede ampliarse para abarcar regiones mesoproterozoicas estables con un grueso soporte litosférico.
La comprensión de la evolución cratónica proporciona información sobre el surgimiento de masas continentales estables.

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