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Las pectinas monooxigenasas secretadas conducen a la infección de las plantas por oomicetos patógenos

Federico Sabbadin¹, Saioa Urresti², Bernard Henrissat^3,4,5

¹Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK. federico.sabbadin@york.ac.uk simon.mcqueenmason@york.ac.uk.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 13, 2021

Resumen

Los investigadores descubrieron monooxigenasas líticas de polisacáridos dependientes del cobre (LPMOs) en el patógeno vegetal Phytophthora infestans. Estas enzimas degradan la pectina en las paredes celulares de las plantas, actuando como factores de virulencia esenciales para la infección y el daño a los cultivos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Patología vegetal
Biología molecular
La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

Phytophthora infestans es un patógeno importante de los cultivos y un modelo de interacciones entre plantas y patógenos.
Los oomycetes causan enfermedades devastadoras en las plantas, lo que afecta a la seguridad alimentaria mundial.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar y caracterizar nuevos factores de virulencia en los oomicetos.
Investigar el papel de las monooxigenasas de polisacáridos líticos (LPMOs) en la infección por Phytophthora infestans.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de la expresión génica durante la infección.
Pruebas bioquímicas para determinar la actividad enzimática.
Determinación de la estructura cristalina de las LPMOs.
Experimentos de silenciamiento genético en P. infestans.

Principales resultados:

Se descubrió una familia de LPMOs dependientes del cobre en oomicetos patógenos de plantas.
Los genes LPMO se regulan al alza temprano en la infección por P. infestans.
Los LPMOs secretados cortan oxidativamente la pectina en la pared celular de la planta.
La estructura cristalina reveló mecanismos de unión y degradación de la pectina.
El silenciamiento de los genes LPMO en P. infestans redujo la infección de la papa.

Conclusiones:

Los LPMOs son nuevos factores de virulencia en los oomicetos patógenos.
La degradación de la pectina por los LPMOs es crucial para la penetración del huésped por P. infestans.
Este descubrimiento ofrece nuevas vías para las estrategias de protección de cultivos.

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