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La disfunción de los colonocitos inducida por la dieta alta en grasas aumenta la trimetilamina derivada de la
Woongjae Yoo1,2, Jacob K Zieba1,2, Nora J Foegeding2,2
1Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 13, 2021
Resumen
Una dieta alta en grasas altera las bacterias intestinales
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- El microbioma intestinal
- Enfermedad metabólica
Sus antecedentes:
- Las dietas occidentales ricas en colina promueven las enfermedades cardiovasculares a través del metabolismo de la microbiota intestinal.
- La colina se convierte en trimetilamina (TMA), un precursor de los metabolitos dañinos.
- Se desconocen los cambios inducidos por la dieta en la fisiología intestinal y su impacto en el metabolismo microbiano.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar cómo las dietas altas en grasas alteran la fisiología intestinal.
- Para determinar si estos cambios afectan el metabolismo microbiano de la colina intestinal.
- Para vincular estas alteraciones con el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular.
Principales métodos:
- Usó un modelo de ratón de obesidad inducida por la dieta.
- Se analizaron las bioenergéticas mitocondriales epiteliales del colon.
- Se midió la biodisponibilidad de oxígeno y nitrato en la luz intestinal.
- Se ha evaluado el catabolismo de colina de Escherichia coli.
- Los niveles cuantificados de N-óxido de trimetilamina (TMAO) en circulación.
Principales resultados:
- La dieta alta en grasas deterioró la función mitocondrial epitelial del colon.
- Esto condujo a una mayor disponibilidad de oxígeno y nitrato luminal.
- Escherichia coli aumentó su catabolismo de colina dependiente de la respiración.
- Los niveles circulantes de TMAO fueron elevados.
Conclusiones:
- Los cambios inducidos por la dieta en la fisiología intestinal pueden mejorar el metabolismo microbiano intestinal.
- Las dietas altas en grasas promueven la producción de TMAO al aumentar el catabolismo de la colina de E. coli.
- Este mecanismo vincula las dietas occidentales con el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares.
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